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VOL. Il. — APRIL 1886 to MARCH [887.
EDITOR:
2 ON (3. eee Eee dec, NATIONAL MUSEUM, WASHINGTON, D. C.
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BROOKLYN, N. Y.
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YOL.Il. BROOKLYN, APRIL, 1886. NO. 1.
INTRODUCTORY.
When, one year ago, we issued the first number of ‘‘ENromoLocica AMERICANA’, it was not without some doubts as to the success of the enterprise; but with a firm determination to do all in our power to make itone. Weare pleased to be able to say that the support accorded us has fully equalled our expectations, and, though by no means a financial success, vet the support even in this way has been encouraging. It has been our endeavor to present not only special or descriptive papers; but also articles of an introductory nature, useful to the young student, and notes on the current Entomological news and literature. Nor have our papers been confined to one or two orders, though naturally Lepidoptera and Coleoptera as interesting the greatest circle of readers received the primary attention. Vol. II, the first number of which we present you herewith will be conducted on the same plan as the previous volume, and if possible even a greater variety and quantity of matter will be presented. We have on hand nowa number of valuable papers, and have promises of further supply from leading specialists in all orders. It is unsafe to make specific promises as to the contents of a forthcoming volume, so we shall only say that all classes will find something of interest, and all students something of value in the numbers to be issued during the coming year. We shall endeavor to bring out our paper as promptly as heretofore, and hope that our friends will show their appreciation of our efforts by as promptly sending in their subscriptions.
Tue PusiicaTion COMMITTEE Brooktyn EnromonocicaL Society.
On some of the Genera of our Sphingidae.
By Pror. C. H. FERNALD, STATE COLLEGE, ORONO, ME.
In 1758, Linnzeus, in the tenth edition of his Systema Nature, established the genus SfAix, making four divisions; the first containing those with the outer margin of the fore wings angulated; the second, those with the wings entire and the abdomen without anal tufts; the third with entire wings but with anal tufts and the fourth of uncertain location.
In 1775, Fabricius published his Systema Entomologiz in which he adopts the Linnean genus Sf/iv.x, restricting it to the first two divisions given by Linnzeus, and established the genus Sesza for the third division and the genus Zygaena for the fourth. In his Genera Insectorum, pub- lished in 1776, Fabricius gives the characters of his genera and although very superficial, those given for the genus Sesza appear to apply better to the so-called A¢gerians than to any of the Sphinges although he had some of both under his genus Sesz.
In 1805, Latreille, in the Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces et In- sectes, vol. 14, p. 134, separated /:/rae, ocellata and popult from Sphinx and established for them his genus Smerinthus, and removed séellatarum, fuct- formis and bombyliformis from the genus Sestz where Fabricius had placed them and located them under the genus Sff/imx. This move purified the genus Sesza of its incongruous species and left it restricted as now used by the French and German Entomologists.
In 1807, Fabricius prepared his Systema Glossatorum in which he restricted the term Sesza to certain species of the Sphingidze and proposed the generic name Aegerva for the group afterwards known by the English Entomologists as the degervdae. Dr. Hagen in his invaluable Bibliotheca Entomologica, states that this work of Fabricius was never published and only advanced sheets were sent out, and the manuscript was lost. But Latreiile had two years previously, as shown above, restricted Seszz to those species for which Fabricius in an unpublished paper proposed the name Aegerza. Weshould therefore regard Aegerta as a ‘synonym of Sesra as restricted by Latreille. 1 should never have troubled myself or anybody else with this history but for the reason that the French, Germans and some Americans have always used these terms in the Latreillian and correct sense, while the English and many among us have used them in the Fabrician sense. For the sake of uniformity somebody ought to change, and as the French and Germans are now really using the terms correctly, we can hardly expect them to do so, The English have used the terms Aegeria and Aegertidae so long that it will be. a long time be- fore they will adopt new terms, but while we are revising our work and
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publishing new lists, will it not be well to make the change from Aegeritdae and Aegeria to Sestidae and Sesta? :
In ‘1777, Scopoli, in his Introductio ad historiam naturalem, pro- posed the genus JZacroglossum with the European séed/a/arum, an opaque winged species, as the type. In 1816, Dalman, in the Vetensk. Akad. Handl. proposed the genus Hemaris for the European species /uct/ormis and Jombyhformis, both transparent winged insects allied to our dffinis and ¢hysée.
I have not examined these European species, but Mr. J. B. Smith informs me that he has examined séeMafurum and finds no structural differences from the clear winged species. If he has made no mistake in his examination, there still remains the opacity or transparency of the wings to separate them. It is true that some of the species, on emerging from the pupa, have a few scales on the transparent part, which soon fall off, but I never heard of a case where there was the slightest danger of mistaking one for an opaque winged species,
If we accept the view advanced by Dr. Horn, that genera do not occur in nature, but that they are simply convenient divisions, would it not be more convenient both to the collector and the student, to regard the clearwings as a distinct genus since the transparency of the wings is so obvious a character? If so, our species will belong to Dalman’s genus Flemaris .
In 1816, Ochsenheimer, in the 4th vol. of bis Schmetterlinge von Europa, established the generic name Dezlephila with merit as the type, and this genus has always been accepted as it seems to include species well separated from those of other genera. In 1816, the Verzeichniss of Hiibner purports to have been published, but the part pertaining to the Sphingidue could not have been published earlier than 1818 as shown by Mr. Scudder. In this work Hibner has given a large number of generic names, some of which are now in use and generally received.
In addition to the above named authors, Harris, Clemens, Walker, Grote and Robinson, Boisduval, Poey, Bremer, Duponche! and Swainson have given us genera for our North American species of the Sphingidae till, at the present time, we have more than we know what to do with, and the work of elimination has begun.
In the Entomologica Americana, Vol. I, page 81, Mr. Smith has given us a very suggestive and timely paper on our N.A,. Sphingidae and one which I trust is to be only a preliminary paper to a fuller and more exhaustive one on the same subject hereafter. Without taking the space to call attention to the numerous good features of the work, I desire to
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call attention to one or two oversights, and if lam wrong, no doubt Mr. Smith will convince me of the error of my ways. Our author has taken Pogoco/on and made Lefisesia and Euproserp-
inus synonyms of the same. Without discussing the question whether .
they are really synonymous, I would merely say that Zefzsesza was estab- lished by Grote in Aug. 1865, Luproserpinus by Grote and Robinson in Nov. 1865, and Pogocolon by Boisduval in 1874, so that Lepisesza should have been used,
The genus Darapsa was established by Walker in 1856 but Mr. Butler states in his ‘‘Revision’, that the ‘‘genus was founded upon most heterogeneous material, the first three species [choertlus Cr., myron Cr. and pholus Cr. | being referable to Hiibner’s genus O/us, the fifth, to Walker's genus Diodosida, the sixth and eighth, to the genus Daphnis of Hibner, the seventh, ninth and tenth, to Chaerocampa of Duponchel; there there- fore remains only the fourth species, allied to Ch@rocampa, but apparently sufficiently distinct”. This is rhedocera from the West Indies and is retained by Butler under the genus Darupsa as the type. The genus Ofus was proposed by Hiibner for choertlus and myron and is used for these species and some others by Mr. Butler. Mr. Grote had previously broken up Walker’s genus in the same manner but in 1873 he changed his ideas, for some reason not apparent, and took Walker’s first species (choertlus) for the type and adopted the genus Darapsa for our species. Mr. Butler objected to this asthe genus thus limited was synonymous with Hibner’s Ofus. But the name O/us had been previously used by Cuvier for a genus of birds ae prevents our using it for insects and on account of this, Boisduval in 1874, established the genus Lveryx with myron for the type. If rhodocera should prove to be really congeneric with myron and choertlus, then Walker's Darapsa should be used for them all, but Mr. Smith who has examined rhodocera, informs me that it is really generically distinct and therefore I see no alternative but to use Everyx for our species.
In 1873, Mr. Grote established his genus Ca/asyméolus with astylus for the type, leaving myops with excecatus under Puonras, but later he transferred myops to Calasymbolus. ‘The only characters given were ‘‘the genus differs from Paonzas in the shape of the secondaries, and from Smerinfhus in antennal structure’. With regard to the antennal struct- ure, Mr. Grote probably compared the male of asty/us, having biciliate antennz, with the male of gemafus which has strongly bipectinated antenna while in cerzsz they are biciliate. Zacecatus, myops and astylus
all agree in the form of the costa of the hind wings, in the small size of
the thorax, the unsunken head and the vestiture of the head and thorax. and in these regards they differ from gemima/us and cerrst?, On the other
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hand, certs’? comes nearer to excéca/us in the form of the outer margin of the fore wings than either of the others.
Without enumerating further points of agreement or difference, it seems to me that we must either accept Paonias, Calasymbolus and Smer- inthus or else unite them all under the one genus Smerinthus. Which will be most ‘‘convenient’?
Mr. Smith states as follows in his remarks under ‘‘Darapsa”, ‘‘I cannot separate A mpelophaga versicolor from this genus”. Not feeling quite willing to take this ea cafhedra statement without question, I exam- ined my material (choertlus, myron and versicolor), with some degree of care and find the following points of agreement. The head is small with the scales forming a central ridge or tuft between the antenne; pro- boscis about half the length of the body; palpi of medium size and length, curving up and pressed against the front; eyes of medium size, hemispherical and slightly ciliated; ocelli wanting; antennz slim, fusi- form, prominently hooked at the end, biciliate in the males but simple in the females; thorax short and stout, but little advanced in front of the base of the fore wings, vestiture smooth; abdomen large, cylindrical, tapering rather suddenly on the last segments, without anal or side tufts, segments destitute of spinules along the hinder edge; tibiz not spinose (fore and middle tibia spinose in choertlus), middle tibiae with one pair of comparatively long, unequal spurs, the hind tibize with two pairs.
The fore wings have eleven veins (vein 10 wanting), the apex falcate or the outer margin excavate from the apex to the end of vein 4, and rounded beyond, ‘The hind wings have the outer margin excavate be- tween veins 1b and 3, but nearly straight beyond, or they appear to be somewhat produced at the end of vein 1b; costa of all the wings arcuate: frenulum and loop present in the males, loop wanting in the females but the frenulum is represented by a cluster of very short fine bristles.
Why these species should ever have been separated is more than I can conceive, As shown above, they belong to the genus Lveryx, If any separation is to be made, it would seem that choers/us should be the one separated from the other two, because of its spinose tibiae,
Mr. Smith says that Der/ephila has “the fore tibie at the tip and thé tarsi at the sides furnished with longer claw like spines’’, but by a careful examination of ten examples of /mez/a and fourteen of chameneri?, I find the fore tibiz entirely free from spines but there is a row of longer and larger, somewhat curved spines on the ouészde of the fore tarsi only.
When we find Daremma, Diludia. Phlegethontius, Dolba and Hyloi- us by one stroke of the pen all united under Sphinx, is it not time to call a halt? Why not have put Cera/omia into the same lot? Did those four little thorns on the larva inspire fear? Surely Cera/omia is more
nearly related to Daremma than some of the other genera are. The study which I have already given to these genera leads me to think that when Mr. Smith reviews his work and critically examines all the species struct- urally, including the genitalia, he will also include Cera/fomia, or else, (what is more likely); he will retain all the above named genera distinct. _ I have already trespassed too far and will not take time and space to point out their respective distinctive characters.
NOTE BY EDITOR.
Prof. Fernald rather intimates in the preceeding paper that he would like to have me ‘‘rise and explain’—a thing I am never averse to doing. In the first place my paper on the Sphingidz is very general in character, does not pretend to go into the minuter details of structure, and gives only in brief my ideas on the subject, in the form that seemed to me most suited to the needs of the class that I desired to reach. The quest- ion of Sesiide or Aegeriide is not touched in my paper; but I take this opportunity of signifying my entire concurrence in Prof. Fernald’s view of the matter.
Macroglossa or Hemaris? The great majority of European authors place croatica and stellatarum together with the clear winged forms, and Staudinger so catalogues them. Svel/afarum makes a long reach in habitus to Ae/opos, while croatfica has rather more the true Macroglossa form. It isa question of opinion, and as my paper was designed to leave out such discussions, I adopted the more comprehensive term. As we have only the clear winged forms in our fauna it may be preferable to use the more restrictive term Hemaris.
As to Lepisesta or Pogocolon, Prof. Fernald is right. The former has priority. The only awkward point is that whereas Pogoco/on includes Lepisesia, that genus being created for a somewhat peculiar species, does not include Pogocolon. Mr. Grote’s genus was created for this species only; but as the species of Pogocolon are really congeneric with Lepisesta flavofasctata Mr. Grote’s genus must be used.
As to Darapsa: No one reading Walker's characterization and no- ting the general agreement of the forms placed under it, can doubt that the genus created by him was really nothing but Ofvs Hb., and as Ofus was preoccupied Darapsa should properly have been used as a substitute. Mr. Grote’s action in breaking up the genus was therefore somewhat arbitrary; but as the jerm really included heterogeneous material he had perhaps the right to restrict the name to any form he chose. But he should have provided the three species of O/us with a new generie term. Mr. Grote’s return to Darapsa was probably based on a view similar to
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mine. As, after all, stability in nomenclature is preferable to a sticking for a matter of unimportant principle, and as Zveryx Bd. has come to be generally accepted, I will in future use this term, though I still claim that in strictness Darapsa should be used. My statement about rhodoceru was hardly so positive as Prof. Fernald puts it. I have seen the species, and it seems distinct enough from a rather superficial cOmparison—un- doubtedly it is as distinct as a goodly portion of the other Sphingid genera,
The Smerinthine are all known to me, and I must still insist that Calasymbolus is synonymous with Symerinthus, while I am not prepared to say that Paonzas should be united.
‘‘Which is most convenient?’ When a genus contains so many species that it becomes unwieldy, then comparatively unimportant charact- ers may be used to separate it asa matter of convenience; but when there are only six species all told, and on Prof. Fernald’s own showing charact- ters of equal value with those separating Cadasymbolus, separate most of the species, then I cannot see where the convenience comes in, if we burden our memories and lists with a genus for every species or two.
My statement as to the armature of Dezlephi/a was based on a rather careful examination of several specimens of /imeafa, and a more cursory one of some of the European species. Going over the material again I. find Prof. Fernald correct in stating that the fore tibia are not armed at tip. ‘The first joint of the fore tarsus has a number of spines so close to the base, that, partially concealed as they are by the vestiture, they seem to belong to the tibie. By removing the vestiture the error is at once apparent, ‘This armature of the tarsi at that point is so unusual, while the terminal armature of the tibia is so common, that I was perhaps justifiable in assuming the usual state as the actual one. The further statement of the armature of tarsi was loose—it should have been ‘‘out- side” instead of ‘‘sides’’. This mistake is an error in the use of language and not of observation, for I knew the tarsi were so armed only at the outside,
I regret that Prof. Fernald did not go further in his paper and point out all the differences between those genera I have lumped under Sphinx. I have seen and more or less closely examined nearly all of the species in all the genera that I have united, and have not thus far found any characters that could be seized on and definitively stated. Some day not too far distant, I hope to get at this family with an abundance of material at command, and maybe then | can convince Prof. Fernald that I was right—if on the other hand I should find I had been hasty, I shall be prompt in acknowledging my sins,
Notes on North American Zygaenidae and Bombycidae
with descriptions of new forms.
By Henry Epwarps.
As far as I am able to discover from the literature at my command, the following species of Heterocera await description. It is somewhat remarkable that*six distinct forms of Gluphisia, (of which genus only one species so far is to be found in our lists) should so long have remained unnoticed, especially as those hereafter described, or at last two or three of them, did not appear to be rare in the localities in which they were
taken. Fam. CTENUCHIDAE.
Scepsis gravis, n. sp.
Very closely allied to S. fudzzcollis, but a much heavier insect, with the wings broader, and the abdomen much stouter and shorter. The pectinations of the antennze are longer than in the common species, the clay colored costa is paler and therefore more distinct, the fringe of the primaries is clay color and not dusky or shaded with dusky, and the base of the head is wholly black, not at all encroached upon by orange. - The vestiture of the thorax is very long, in this respect approaching the cha- racter pointed out by Dr. Packard as belonging to the species afterwards described by Mr. Grote as S. Packardi (Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. Vol. 4, 318). In other details it does not accord with this description, and | can but think with Mr. Stretch that Dr. Packard and Mr. Grote had be- fore them some faded examples of S. /u/vcollis, which as well as the present species, is found in California. I have no doubt of the distinct- ness of S. gravis, whether it be S. Packard: or not, and I hardly think Dr. Packard could have overlooked so important a character as the black base of the head, to say nothing of the increased size and broader and heavier appearance.
My specimens, (5 in number) are all from Mendocino Co., Calif.,
where they were taken by Mr. O. Baron.
Scepsis var. pallens, n. var.
I took in Denver, Colorado, during the past summer, several fer- fectly fresh examples of S. fulvicollis, of the form alluded to by Mr. Grote, (l.c.) in which the collar is pale buff, indeed, in some specimens it may be called dirty white. This is not owing to fading, as most of the examples found were in excellent order, and not a few recently emerged from the chrysalis. I propose for this the above varietal name,
Lycomorpha coccinea n. sp.
: Head, thorax, base of abdomen, basal two-thirds of primaries, and basal half of secondaries bright carmine red. Border of the wings blue black, the inner edge of both borders strongly dentate. Eyes, antenne, and tip of palpi black. The markings are repeated on the lower side, the legs being brownish black, with crimson tinge. 2 Q. Arizona.. Coll. Hy. Edwards. Expanse of wings 24mm. Length of body 9 mm,
Melanchroia geometrides Walk.
This species must find a place in our lists, as several specimens were taken by the late Mr. H. K. Morrison at Key West, Florida. By a singular error, Walker gives its locality as ‘‘Java” (C. B. M. Vol, 2, p. 387). It is common in Cuba.
Melanchroia cephise Cram.
This species has long been known as belonging to our fauna, having been found in Texas and Arizona. No mention of it is made in either Grote’s New Check List or in that published by the Brooklyn Entom. Society,
. Fam. NYCTEOLIDAE H. Sch.
Earias obliquata n. sp.
Primaries very pale apple green, with an oblique stripe of pure white extending from basal third of internal margin to the middle of costa, which is also white near to the apex. Secondaries sordid white, with slightly pink tinge. Beneath wholly sordid white, stained with reddish along costal margins. Thorax pale green, ab- domen sordid white, concolorous with the wings. 2 ote Neuces River, Tex. Coll. B. Neumoegen and Hy. Edwards. Expanse of wings 20 mm.
This insect evidently belongs to H. Schaffer’s family Nycteolide, as does also the genus Sarrofhripa which has at least three represen- tatives in our fauna, all strangely omitted from our published lists.
Fam. LITHOSIDAE.
Hypoprepia plumbea n. sp.
A northern form, in which the primaries are nearly all lead-color, with the costa, internal margin, and median nerve all narrowly buff, the latter once forked behind the cell, the forks stained with pale pink. The ¢egulee are pinkish, the abdomen and thorax as in H. fucosa. The secondaries have only the basal third pink, the lead colored border being unusually wide. Though I believe this to be but a variety, it is so far removed from the typical examples of H. fucosa, that I have deemed it worthy ofaname. 2',1 Q. Minneapolis, Minn. July 1884. (At light.)
Fam. BOMBYCIDAE. Lithacodes laticlavia Clem.
This form has been confounded in collections with the well-known L. fasciolu H. Sch., but though greatly resembling each other, I am confident that they are distinct, and that Clemens’ name should be restored for the present form. It is only ? the size of L. fasciola, is of a much paler color, and wants the dark shading behind the silvery band. This band is also more straight on its edges, and the oblique sub- apical line is very indistinct and in some cases obsolete. The lower wings are
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA. 2
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pale, testaceous, not stained with the dusky shade, as is the case with the larger species. Average expanse of wings, L. fasciola, 22 mm. i Je «ee TL. laticlavia, 16 mm. Several examples. Texas. G. W. Belfrage.
Limacodes parallela n. sp.
Allied to L. Y-inversa Pack., but a very much smaller insect, smaller indeed than L. rectilinea. Ochreous, the upper wings darker than the lower, The orna- mentation is similar to that of Z. Y-inversa, but the second stripe of darker shade is quite straight and runs parallel with the first band, throwing the oblique subapical stripe which forms the short arm of the Y toa point considerably nearer the apex than in the allied species. With the exception of the brown stripes the entire insect is ochreous above and below.
Expanse of wings 20mm. 1 <j. Indian River, Florida. Type, Coll. Hy-. Edwards.
Monoleuca obliqua n. sp.
Size of M. sulphurea, paler in color, with the white mark on internal margin quite oblique and directed from about 5 mm. from base of the wing immediately towards the apex. It is slightly waved, and is clear white. Lower wings paler than the upper.
I Se Indian River, Florida. Coll. B. Neumoegen.
Ichthyura luculenta n. sp.
Closely allied to I. strigosa Gr. and at first it may be mistaken for it. It is however a little smaller, and of a paler gray color over the whole surface. The thorax is wholly gray, wanting the usual brown longitudinal band, this being repre- sented by a brown shade between the antenne, Abdomen, legs, palpi, and shaft of the antenne silvery gray. The lines are more strongly bordered with white than in any other of the species. the basal portion so much so as to leave the lines almost obsolete. The first or basal line starts from a whitish blotch a little above the median nerve, and is not dislocated as in other species. It is waved anteriorly, and bends abruptly outwardly before reaching the internal margin. The second line is very oblique, reaching the internal angle farther posteriorly than in I. strigosa. It is bordered outwardly by a brown shade. The third line leaves the second on the sub- median nervule, and is rather deeply notched before touching the internal margin. The fourth line is almost straight in its direction, starting from the usual white dash on the costa, (which is, however, very indistinct) and is much waved throughout.- There is a fawn colored shade behind its apical portion, but no trace of red scales. The margin is white, and the fringe grayish brown, cut with white at the nervules. The lower wings are smoky drab, palest along the abdominal margin, and with no median band. Beneath smoky-drab, darkest along costa of the primaries, which have a faintly defined paler band. Expanse of wings 28 mm. 2 <j. Whitings, N. Indiana. (W. G. Gallagher.) Coll. Hy. Edwards.
Ichthyura jocosa, n. sp.
Wholly dark fawn drab, the lines all indistinet, the basal being quite obsolete for its costal half. Second line nearly even in its course, reaching the internal margin considerably before the internal angle. It is shaded behind with reddish brown. Third line leaves the second very much below the median nerve and curves abruptly as it touches the internal margin. Fourth line visible on costa, then lost in a chest- nut colored cloud, then very slightly sinuate towards the internal margin. There is
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no trace of white on the costal part of this line. A very faint row of brownish sub- marginal spots. Margin a little paler than the ground color. Lower wings paler fawn-color, with no median band. Underside wholly pale fawn-color, primaries darkest, with very faint median band common to both wings, The thorax above has the usual brown discal stripe, and the palpi are also brown above. Abdomen and legs wholly fawn-color. 1 Q. Indian River, Florida, Expanse of wings 28 mm.
A very peculiar species, easily distinguished by its extremely faint lines, the want of the white sub-apical dash, and its brownish fawn-color, recalling that of the European Z. anastomosis L.
Ichthyura astoriz n. sp.
Very pale, almost sordid white, so that the lines are almost undistinguishable. Basal line bent outwardly in a sharp tooth on the sub-costal nervule. Second line very slightly waved, and faintly bordered with pale brown posteriorly. Its branch, (the third line) runs almost parallel with the basal line. The fourth leaves the costa in a whitish curved streak, is there almost obsolete in a yellowish cloud, where it is much curved and then almost straight to the internal margin, Behind this are some blackish linear spots. Fringe concolorous. Secondaries above pale drab, no median band. Beneath wholly sordid white, with faint median band on secondaries only. Thorax with very pale brown discal line. Expanse of wings 32 mm. 1 <j. Astoria, Oregon. Coll. Hy. Edwards.
The-palest of the genus, nearer to /. zzorna/a Neum., but differing greatly in the shape and direction of the lines, as well as in other particulars.
Gluphisia Tearlei n. sp.
Ashen gray, crossed by two slightly waved lines of reddish brown, which are edged distinctly with black. The median space is a little lighter than the rest of the wing. Posterior margins slightly clouded with dusky. A narrow black marginal line. Lower wings dusky. Beneath dusky, without marks. Thorax reddish-brown in front, gray on disk, as is also the abdomen. Exp. of wings 40 mm. Length of body 13mm. 1Q. Lake Tahoe, Cal.(Tearle). 1 f'. Truckee, Cal. (C. F. McGlashan.)
Dedicated to my friend Osmond Tearle, Esq., by whom this interest- ing species was first captured.
Gluphisia Wrightii n. sp.
Head, thorax and abdomen very dark gray, thickly speckled with black scales, but lighter on the under side. The primaries are also very heavily covered with black scales. A little above the basal half of wing runs a waved line of pale gray, and from internal angle another waved line more oblique. The space between them is closely scaled with black, but towards the inner margin is an almost square buff patch, across which runs a black line. Space behind the middle band _ blackish, shading into pale gray at the submarginal dentate line. Margin and fringe pale gray, spotted with black. Secondaries sordid white, with a dusky submarginal shade, connecting with the blackish anal spot. Beneath smoky white, with faint indications of a double median band. Expanse of wings 42mm. 1 ©. San Bernardino, Cal.
Kindly added to my collection, by my friend Mr, W. G. Wright, after whom I have named this pretty species.
Gluphisia ridenda n. sp. Head, thorax and abdomen dark gray, plentifully sprinkled with black, especi-
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ally on the upper side. Feet and legs also gray mottled with black. Antennze with the shaft white, pectinations blackish. Primaries with a buff patch at the base, in which are a few black scales. Behind thisa gray band, edged before and behind with black, and sprinkled with black scales. Then a rather wide buff or fawn-color shade, through which runs a waved rather indistinct blackish band. Behind this fawn-color band is another of white or silver-gray, edged with a conspicuous dentate black line, with some black scales towards the apex. ‘The space behind the dentate line is pale gray. Fringe whitish, flecked with black. Secondaries yellowish gray, shading into dark smoky towards the margins. Underside sordid white, dark on the apex of primaries, with faint traces of a median band. Expanse of wings 30mm. Length of body 12mm. 3’, 1 Q. Denver, Colorado. Hy. Edwards, 1 ¢', Montana, Coll. Neumoegen.
Gluphisia rupta n. sp.
Head and thorax above white flecked with a few black scales, white beneath. Abdomen and antennz wanting in my unique specimen, Primaries with basal space white with black central cloud. A very strongly marked black line runs quite across the wing a little behind the basal third, and from its junction at the internal margin, another line fainter and more oblique, and slightly dentate inwardly reaches the costa at the apical third. The space between these two lines is stained with buff, and there are a few black scales nearest the inner margin, Behind this is a broad space limited by the dentate submarginal band, and clouded heavily with black. Second- aries smoky, a little paler at their base. Fringes of both wings white, spotted with black at the intersection of the nervules. Underside sordid white, the primaries with a broad smoky submarginal band. Size of G@. ridenda. 1 cf. Denver, Colorado. Hy. Edwards.
The single specimen I possess of this species, was partially eaten by cockroaches after its capture, but an early examination enabled me to pronounce positively as to its sex.
Gluphisia albofascia n. sp.
Ground color of primaries white witha yellowish tinge. Behind the small basal space is a rather broad black band, narrowing a little towards the costa. On this are a few whitish scales. Then abroad yellowish white space, widest on the costa, where it is stamed with black, and behind this to the margin a blackish cloud, grow- ing faint at the margin, and enclosing a dentate submarginal line, Secondaries pure white, with a black shade at the anal angle. Fringes white with black spots at the intersection of the nervules. Underside clear white, the markings of the upper surface plainly visible. Fore tarsi distinctly banded with black. Expanse of wings 32mm. Length of body 14mm. 2%. Salt Lake City, Utah. Hy. Edwards.
Gluphisia formosa n. sp.
Size and appearance of the last species, otf which it may be but an extreme variety. There is however, a very distinct shade of buff crossing the middle of the wing, and the lines are all very faint, giving the insect a yellowish-gray appearance, The primaries are only very sparsely covered with black scales, and the black anal spot of the secondaries is wanting. Beneath, a very distinct smoky median band crosses the primaries, and appears on the costa of the secondaries in the shape of two spots. 4,19. Salt Lake City, Utah. Hy. Edwards. °
It is possible that G. rzdenda and G. rupfa are forms of one species, and that G. al/bofascia and G. formosa forms of another, but I prefer to
24 aa See
consider them as distinct until future investigation shall determine their true position. The lower wings of the Salt Lake forms are clear white, while those from Denver are smoky.
Orgyia leucographa Walk. (Lep. Heter. B. M., p. 1723.)
I have before me 7 examples of a form of Orgyia, which to say the least, are very extreme varieties of the common species, In the first place, there is a marked difference in. size, O. /eucostigma being much larger than the specimen under consideration. The color is uniform stone ‘drab, with the lines very faintly marked, and the usual dark costo- apical entirely obliterated in 3 of the specimens, and only very faintly shown in the remaining 4. The white posterior spot near the internal angle, is also very faint in 2 specimens, stronger in 2, and quite distinct in the other 3. The ground color of all however is the same, stone drab, instead of brownish drab. Two Qs of this form are also very much slighter and smaller than those of O. leucostigma. Could Walker have had this form before him when describing O. /eucographa? He must have been well acquainted with O. /eucostigma, as on page 786, l.c., he quotes Smith & Abbott's description, and therefore he cannot in his de- scription of O. @ucographa refer to the common form of the well known species. . However, should this surmise prove incorrect, I propose for the present insect the varietal name of O. obliviosa. My examples are all from New Jersev, and are by no means faded, as 3 of them were rais- ed from cocoons found on maple.
Apatelodes indistincta n. sp.
Primaries of a grayish drab, tinted with reddish, the lines and marks all obsolete. the surface dotted with black irrorations. There is near the apex a semi-transparent square spot, with a smaller one beneath it, The fringe is reddish chestnut. The secondaries are reddish testaceous, without marks. Underside wholly reddish fawn- color, with a few black and brown specks, but wholly without the dark shading so conspicuous in A. torrefacta. Thorax, color of primaries. Abdomen reddish testa- ceous with brown dots. Expanse of wings 35 mm. Length of body 18mm. 1 J. Indian River, Florida. Coll. B. Neumoegen.
Apatelodes torrefacta var. Floridana n. var.
In this form, which I have never seen, except from Florida, the wings have a much redder shade, the secondaries being almost dull brick red. The double brown spot on the internal margin near the base, is much smaller than in the typical form, while the whitish shade on the abdominal margin of secondaries is almost wanting. The lines are all much fainter, the discal whitish spot, as well as that at the apex, being much more clearly defined. Beneath, the wings are foxy red, darker at the apex of primaries, with the bands only very faintly marked. It is possible that we may have to do with a distinct species. Specimens are in my own collection, and that of Mr. B, Neumoegen,
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‘
pe
Hemileuca Maia var. Lucina n. var.
A form occuring in Maine, and probably in other of the northern portions of our continent, which appears to deserve at least a varietal name, It is intermediate between H, Maia and H. Nevadensis, having the primrose band uniformly broad on the primaries and including the discal ocellus, and that of secondaries always wider than in any examples of H. Maia seen by me. This band too is of rather different shape, and invariably reaches the posterior margin farther from the anal angle than is the case with H aia. The wings too are much more transparent than those of the common form, and in some cases appear to be almost denuded of scales. I have during the past summer examined upwards of 300 specimens of #. Maia, many of which were raised from the egg, but though varying considerably among themselves, in the width and density of the band, I have seen none that I could not very readily separate from the form now under notice. My specimens (3 ¢, 2 9), are all from Norway, Me., and from near Bangor, Me.
Lophodonta plumosa n. sp.
Head, thorax, palpi, and abdomen brownish gray, the latter blackish at its base. Antennz with extremely long pectinations, giving them a plumose appearance. Primaries brownish gray, with the nervules black. A linear discal spot surrounded by a buff shade, a sub-marginal slightly waved line, composed of blackish spots, between the nervules. There is a whitish cloud on the middle of the costa, and the whole surface is thickly flecked with black scales. Secondaries sordid white, the ab- dominal margin yellowish, the posterior margin distinctly dusky, the dark shade widening at the apex. Fringe sordid white. Beneath sordid white, the costa of
primaries dusky, and the submarginal line faintly shown. Expanse of wings 45 mm. Length of body 22 mm. 1. Denver, Colorado.
A very distinct and strongly marked species, unlike anything else known to me. I place it provisionally here, the plumose antennz, and the absence of the tuft at the internal angle of primaries, probably en- titling it to generic rank,
Hepialus McGlashani n. sp.
Primaries yellowish fawn-color, of a brighter tint than any North Amer. species previously known to me. From the middle of the base runs a rather broad, very distinct, uneven silvery white line, which traverses the whole extent of the wing, and is entire and uninterrupted throughout its whole course. It runs from its starting point in a curve to the sub-costal nerve near the upper end of the cell, thence obliquely to the internal margin, which it touches by a projecting tooth and thence directly to the apex. It has in the submarginal portion a tooth on each side near the middle of the wing, the posterior one being connected with the margin by a small white dash. Near the base of the internal margin are three small white dots, and along the costa are 6 others, the fourth of which is the largest, and is nearly connected with the for- ward tooth of the submarginal band. The secondaries are smoky, edged rather broadly with yellowish fawn-color. The fringes of both wings, as well as the thorax and head are of the same shade as the ground color of the primaries. The abdomen is pale smoky. Beneath, wholly smoky, the margins fawn-color, with a pinkish
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tinge. Expanse of wings 30mm, Length of body 16mm. 9g examples, oj, Q. Truckee, Calif. (C. F. McGlashan.)
A very pretty species, in which the silvery band is in very strong contrast with the ground color of the wing. Its nearest ally is 7. M/ash- ewt, Hy. Edw. (Vance. Island) but the present species cannot be con- founded with any other. Mr. McGlashan, who is doing good work among the Lepidoptera of his district, and to whom I gratefully dedicate this interesting form, writes me as follows, regarding its habits: ‘‘The moth flits about the meadows for about 20 minutes just at dusk. Great numbers fly then at twilight, during the latter days of August and _ first days of September. The females seem to remain on the ground, and the males fly swiftly about in quest of them. At 6:40 their flight begins, at 7 itis ended. They are found only in grassy meadows.”
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Larval history of Spilosoma congrua, W/és. By Gro. D. Hutst.
Some few weeks since Mr. David Bruce of Brockport, N. Y., made me a visit, and looking over my treasures identified a certain pair of Arctide as Spilosoma congrua W\k. ‘The insect had been in my collec- tion unidentified for 32 years. But having them now identified, I am able to give a brief larval history, which all that time has been awaiting a name.
On the 8th of June 1882, while walking in the beautiful park in connection with Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., I found a pair of Spilosoma, which, while approaching S. wgimia in appearance, were at once recognized as distinct. The insects were, as I had no other means of carrying them, at once pinned in my hat, which often serves as au entomological box. I was called away as soon as I reached my stopping place in the city to an ecclesiastical meeting, which was of so exciting a nature that I forgot all about my insects until the next morning, But then looking for them, I found that the female before dying had laid a few eggs, which were cared for and brought-with me to Brooklyn.
The eggs were laid as are the eggs of S, virginica in a mass with something of regularity, and were pure white, not yellowish as in that species. The larvae emerged June 15th, and resembled the larvze of .S. wrginica, being of a dull somewhat sooty white, the hairs being long silky and scattered. After the first moult the larva took a form and color which remained practically unchanged through their succeeding history, and I give only, and that in brief, their appearance after the last moult.
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The head was of a deep shining black color, as were the pro-legs. The anal legs were black above, lighter below. The body dorsally and sub-dorsally was covered with hairs which were deep shining black, though duller in color near base. Laterally. on each segment, was a spot of light tawny or reddish brown hairs, including in part at least the spiracles, and these, often confluent, formed a lateral band. The spiracles were black. ‘The first larva made cocoon, which was loosely composed of hairs, with little or no silk, July 17th. Unfortunately the pupz all dried up, so that not one emerged. As will be seen the insect is un- doubtedly double brooded, and passes the winter like its congeners in the pupal state.
But there is one item of interest; Mr. Bruce has also raised the larva, and noted the same thing. The larva is, after the first moult, black and the hairs are even and comparatively short. The larvee are in appearance and vestiture not at all like the larvae of wirgznica or latpennts, but like, and indeed hardly to be distinguished from the larvae of Arcéza virgo, nais, and arge. In other words, the imago isa Sfilosoma, the larva is an Avcfza. Whether this will be of value in generic reference, and what effect it will have on the validity of two genera which have now, so far as is known, only the color of the insects to separate them, I will leave to others to determine,
(Et a
On some species of Anthaxia. By C. H. Roserts,
In the Trans. Amer. Ent. Society, Vol. X, August 1882, Dr. Horn has given us a revision of the genus An¢haxia of Buprestidz.
In his opening remarks Dr. Horn speaks as follows: ‘‘In the study of our species I have been unable to find any sexual characters like those which have been observed in the species of Europe. On the other hand, with an incomplete series however, I have not been able to find any of the latter with the tarsal claws toothed as in our cyenel/a and quercata. It will be observed that these two species differ from each other in the same manner that wridifrons and viridicornis do, and the question has arisen in my mind whether they are not respectively sexes of each other, the male in each case having the rougher surface sculpture.”
Dr. Horn again calls attention to this matter further on in his article, and urges collectors to study the habits of these species, saying of cyanella and quercata, ‘‘they are so often sent together, and even plac- ed side by side, that I am inclined to suspect a closer relationship than that of allied species, in other words may they not be sexes of one?”
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While collecting in Middlesex Co., N. J., last summer, after beating a grape vine I found the species cyanella and quercata both in the net. This led to a careful search of the vine. I found the two species in large numbers flying about in company, and after watching them for nearly an hour was rewarded for my patience by the happy discovery of the two in copulation.
Continuing my search upon this and other vines in the vicinity I succeeded in capturing twenty-two pairs a// copulated.
This proves Dr, Horn’s surmise to be correct, that cyanel/a is the female form of guerca/a, and thus one of our prettiest species is lost to us, as has often been the case before, by uniting its fortunes with those of a male. I am now more strongly than ever of the opinion that the species viridifrons and viridicornis bear this same relation to each other, and that among the numerous aliases of eneogaster the female will be found.
It is to be hoped that other collectors, with myself, will search for the species of Anéhaxia next season, and endeavor to establish their re- lationship to each other.
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Book Notices.
In Part IIL of Tr. Ent. Soc. London for 1885 there is a note ‘‘On two remarkable cases of mimicry from Elopura, British North Borneo”, by H. J. S. Pryer; one referring to a Sesd@ bearing a close resemblance to a wasp, but not more so than some others of this family, and the other to a Cerambycid (Coloborhombus fasciatipennis Waterh.), which bears a most remarkable resemblance to a Scolia like wasp. This latter is a very interesting and remarkable instance of protective mimicry. We have in the American fauna several species which in flight may easily be mistaken for wasps, notably in the north Bedlamira scalaris, but when the insects are at rest this resemblance ceases.
In the Proceedings of the Society at the April Meeting, the following °
communication deserves notice.
‘‘Mr. R. M. Christy, who was present as a visitor, read the follow- ing note: As requested by my friend Mr. Wm. Cole, I wish to bring under your notice what I think will be regarded as a remarkable obvious case of naturally protective coloring. Iwas in America in the autumn of 1883, and on the 26th of August, near Carberry, Manitoba, I found a large larva feeding ravenously on the leaves of a small bush (Lleagnus argentea), which is so common on many of the drier parts of the prairies, of the Canadian Northwest. A short search brought to light quite a number of others, all feeding on the leaves of the same bush, These I
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, 3
ees
carefully kept, and in due time they entered upon the pupa stage, en-— closing themselves in hard brown pear-shaped cocoons open at one end. Unfortunately, however, the mature insects emerged last spring (1884), while I was again in America, with the result that I am now only able to exhibit two very dilapidated—instead of two very handsome—specimens of that local form or sub-species of Platysamia columbia which is peculiar to the prairies of the Canadian Northwest, and which has very recently been named Platysamia columbia-nokomis by my friend, Mr. Brodie, of Toronto, in accordance with the trinomial system of nomenclature so general across the Atlantic.
I have brought up for exhibition specimens of Lveagnuus argentea. It will be observed that the leaves are of a very peculiar pale silvery green color, quite unlike that of the Jeaves of most other shrubs. I have also brought for exhibition a colored drawing of the full-grown larva of the insect, made by my friend Mr. E. T. Seton, of Toronto, It is ob- servable that the color of the larva exactly corresponds during life with that of the leaves of the food-plant; and, as these themselves are of an unusual color, I think it may be regarded as an obvious case of nat- urally protective coloring.
The total length of the larva is nearly three inches. The head is yellow, with a few black spots; there are also four black spots on the first segment of the body. The first three segments bear yellow clasping legs; the next segment none; the next four bore slightly hairy legs ofa light yellowish color; the next segment none; and the last segment a pair of yellow legs. The body bore many protuberances of different kinds, covered with small black spikes. A row of spines down each side of the back. These rows were about one-fourth of an inch apart. Along each side of the body, and separated by the space of about one-fourth of an inch, ran two more rows of spines, the pair on the tail segment showing a brighter blue than the rest. Below this row again there were spines on the first five segments.”
It is interesting to know of this new variety of which we had been hitherto ignorant; and it is equally interesting to learn that the trinomial system is so general in America, In Entomology it has been confined almost exclusively to gall insects, and P. columbia-nokomis is the only lepidopterous insect so far as we can recollect, burdened with more than one specific name—synonyms of course excluded.
The North American Chrysidide, by S. Frank Aaron, Tr. Amer. Ent. Soc., XII, pp. 209—248, pl. VI to X.
Mr. Aaron describes the new genus Diflorrhos, and a large number
of new species in the other genera of the family; giving synopses of the
fae Or
species of the genera, as well as detailed descriptions. ‘he work seems
a good one, and Mr. Aaron figures the parts relied upon for specific and
generic characters.
Revision of the Californian species of Lithocharis and allied genera. By Thos. L. Casey. Bulletin No, 5, Calif. Acad. of Sci. January 1886, pp. 40.
Mr. Casey describes 25 new species from California, of which 8 are
referred to the new genus Ca/oderma; 1 to the new genus Oligopierus, 14
to Lithocharis proper, and 2 to the new genus Mefaxyodonta. The name
Trachysectus is proposed for the eastern £. confluens, the genus being
very briefly characterized. An appendix to the main paper contains the
description of the new genus Hesperobium for Cryptobium tumidum Lec. ;
a table of the genera of Paeder? with the 4th joint simple, and the de-
scription of Zhyce marginafa Nn. sp.
On the Cynipidous Galls of Florida with descriptions of new species. By William H. Ashmead. Tr. Amer. Ent. Soc., XII, pp. V toIX. (Monthly Pro- ceedings) 1886.
Studies on North American Chalcididz with descriptions of new species from Florida. By William H. Ashmead, l.c., pp. X to XIX. 1886.
In the latter paper Mr. Ashmead describes Chalets flavipes n. sp.; but as there is already a species of that name by Panzer, the name must fall, and we propose fal/ipes as a substitute. He also describes Decatoma flavicollis, which name is pre-occupied by Walker in the same genus; for this species we propose the name flor:duna. He also speaks of the genus Euplectus—it should be Luplectrus. The error is a small one and would not be noticed but for the fact that there isa coleopterous genus Auflectus, and it is possible to lead to some confusion if the correction be not made. Second Report on the Injurious and other Insects of the State of New
York. By J. A. Lintner, State Entomologist. Albany. Weed, Parsons & Co, 1885. 89. pp. 265. ff. 68. ,
Prof. Lintner has given us in this report another sample of complete and careful work. Fortunately there was no new pest that required special attention, and the report is made up largely of complete histories of some of the known pests, that for one reason or the other required attention. The Report is very completely indexed, and there is an appendix, containing among other matters a list of papers published by Prof. Lintner during 1882 and 1883. The great majority are in Agri- cultural papers not usually seen by Entomologists and _ the list is there- fore a useful one.
—_— —— + Society News.
Brooklyn Entomological Society. March 2, 1886. — Fifteen members present, the president in the chair. The Editor for Vol. f, Ent. Am. presented his report, as follows:
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Disbursements for Printing and Distributing, - - - $502.04 Cash received from Publications, = : - - #$399%651
Cash from B. Neumoegen, - - - . - - 91.00
Deficit paid by Society, - - - - - - 11.39—$502.04
Mr. Smith was then elected Editor for Vol. II, and Rev. Geo. D. Hulst was elected Assistant Editor. Mr. C. H. Roberts read a note on Anthawia eyanella and quercata.* Mr. Smith noted that it was not at all an unusual thing for sexes of one form to be described as distinet species where the sexual characters were obscure or unknown. ~ He had in the Apions based one section of the genus up- on the presence of a femoral tubercle on the anterior legs. It has since been proven beyond reasonable doubt that this is a sexual character, and the four species so distinguished are -j'-j' of four other species in the succeeding group. Mr. Angell exhibited a species of Anthaxia from Florida which seemed undes- eribed. Mr. Smith noted the fact that-in the genera of Bombyces grouped in Mr. Grote’s recent list as Aftaci, Ceratocampide and part of those in the Hemileucini the antennz had two pectinations to each joint, and he proposed to separate this eroup from the rest of the Bombyces which had only one branch to each joint under the family term Saturniide. The group is divisible into two sub-families: Attacine with the branches extending to the tip, and Ceratocampine in which they end abruptly about one-third from tip. Some of these species have also 10 yeins to the primaries, instead of 12 as is usual.
Mr. Hulst spoke of some of the results of his studies in the Geometride, stating that there would have to be a considerable change in the arrangement of species, based on venational characters discovered by him. Mr. Hulst and Mr. Smith discussed the range of variation in venation, at some length.
Mr. Leng as curator presented to the Society a scheme for the arrangement of Lepidoptera, particularly looking to a gathering of all the information in re- gard to the local fauna that was obtainable.
‘Entomological Society of Washington. March 4, 1886. Mr. H. F. Riley, was elected a member of the Society. Mr. Howard exhibited specimens of a Chalcid bred from the galls of Cynips q.—saltatoris Eds. The Chalcid is new to science and has to form a new genus.
Mr. Howard remarked on the fungus connected with the ‘‘Die-back” disease of the Orangé tree. The fungus has recently been supposed by Botanists to crow exclusively on the scales of Coccide.
Mr. Smith illustrated the differences in the antenne of some Bombycide, especially describing the structure of these organs in the Saturniidw; character— izing the family, as well as the subfamilies Aftacine and Ceratocampine.
Dr. Marx exhibited a careful drawing of Thelyphonus giganteus and spoke on the structural and physiological characters of this whip-scorpion. Contrary to the statements of authors, this insect has 12 eyes instead of 8, there being 5 on each side close together, two very small, and two in front. He also states that 7. excubitor Girard, is the <j' of T. giganteus, and described the differences between the sexes. In the discussion following this paper Mr. Pergande des- cribed the habits of Thelyphonus in digging its burrows and catching its prey as observed in a living specimen kept in a glass jar.
Mr. Schwarz stated that Rhyncolus corticalis Boheman, belongs to the genus Allomimus and is vlosely allied to but specifically different from, A. dubius Horn.
Mr. Schwarz remarked upon the apparent scarcity of the male in Gnathotri- chus maleriarius Fitch. He had never seen a male although a great many speci- mens of this common species were examined.
* Published ante p. 16.
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA, VOL. Il, MAY 1886, ’ PLATE 1. g
Gee, Movy from Nature.
AMERICANA
VOL. II. BROOKLYN, MAY, 1886. NO. 2
On Hemerobius (Psectra) dipterus @urm. and H. delicatulus 4. Pitch.
By Dr. H. A. HaceEn.
Prof, Burmeister first described in 1839, Hdb. II, p. 973, No. 1, the interesting Hemerobius dipterus. The specimen collected near Leip- zig, Saxony, by Prof. Schwagrichen in the Museum in Halle, is a male with rudimentary hind wings. A second specimen from the same locality in Prof. Kunze’s collection had been destroyed. The description of the venation by Burmeister is detailed. He remarks that this species is re- lated to Hemerobius, similarly as Mantispa notha to Mantispa. 1 may remark that the abdomen of 47. dipferus male, in dry well preserved specimens, has just the same appearance by alternately knotty swellings as M. no¢ha in Erichson’s figure VI, b.
The first specimen, which I have seen in the Museum at Berlin, in 1849, was collected the summer before by Dr. Erichson in the Botanical Garden at Halle. Prof. Burmeister who happened to be present in the Museum, identified this specimen as H. dpferus. It is also a male. Walker, Catal. of the Neuropt. Ins. in the Brit. Museum, re525 per Lil, p. 298, has only repeated Burmeister’s diagnosis.
Mr. J. C. Dale had collected a male specimen from a_hazelbush outside of Breach Wood, near Langport, Somersetshire, June 26, 1843. The Proc. of the Ent. Soc. London, March 6, 1854, (reprinted Zoologist Vol. XU, p. 4273) first announced this remarkable discovery, and Mr. John Curtis has given in the Trans. Ent. Soc., Ser. 2, vol. II], p. 56, a short description of the species. The same specimen is redescribed by R. M’Lachlan, 1866, and figured in his Monogr. British Neur. Plani- pennia. I am not aware of the capture of another specimen in England.
The late Mr. Bremi-Wolf in Ziirich sent to me the Hemerobidxe
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collected by him in Switzerland for identification in 1852. For greater surety I submitted them also to Dr. Schneider in Breslau, then the best authority for this family. There were in Bremi’s collection 19 species (two not sent) and all but three with collection names. The 17 before me belonged to 12 species, all published. In my publication of Bremi's species, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1865, p. 230, 3 specimens only are mentioned, the types of which were in my collection. The other 9g are Hi. nervosus, hirtus, phaleratus, pygmaus, limbatus, humuli, dipterus, nitidulus, paganus.
For H. diplerus (niger Bremi in my synopsis), represented by a bad specimen of the female, Bremi remarks: rare near Kaltenbad on the Rigi.
Dr. Schneider remarked; it is undoubtedly Burmeister’s species, but I can not assure the sexes, as the specimen does not allow me to recognize them. As after analogy of Boreus and many Lepidoptera the aborted wings are to be found on the female, this specimen should be a male. I can not make out now if A. dpferus has been found later in Switzerland and quoted in local catalogues. At least Bremi’s specimen was the first known with well developed hind wings.
A few years later I received from the late Mr. Motschulsky a speci- men with well developed hind wings, mentioned by me among the Russian Neuroptera, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1858, p. 130 as Micromus dipierus and by an errorasa male. The genitals could not be studied as the specimen is glued with the folded wings on mica. ‘The locality is given Jekatarinoslaf, because a small pink lable with R,m. is on the pin. The abbreviated locality could be as well Jekatarinburg (on the Asiatic side of the Ural) but the insects of this locality have in Motschultsky’s col- lection always the label R.m. or. The specimen is still before me and it is the second with developed hind wings seen by me.
In 1857 I discovered and named in the collection of the late Dr. Stein in Berlin, two males and one female in excellent condition, all collected by him near Berlin. The specimens are now in the Berlin Museum.
In 1865, Mr. G. Kiinow in KGnigsberg, by beating the grass on a cemetery behind the observatory, collected, August 22, two males. Both are in excellent condition and are in my collection. ‘The genitals are visible; a lancet-shaped horizontal blade and the parts below it make it sure that these specimens with undeveloped hind wings are males, Only two years ago Mr. Kiinow collected also the female in the same place, of which I possess the two wings of one side in a microscopical slide.
In the Hemerobid. synops. synonym., Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1866, p. 376, after the study of 6 males and 3 females which I had the chance to examine of this rare species I established for it the genus Psecfra,
—23—
Mr. R. M’Lachlan in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1868, in his monograph of the British Planipennia described the male out of the collection of Mr. Dale p. 170 and figured it on pl. IX. He has first pointed out the generic characters. ;
In Ent. M. Mag. 1879, p. 95, M’Lachlan records a short winged specimen (now in his collection) from Strasbourg, collected by Mr. F. Reiber. He had seen a specimen from Holland, sent by Mr. H. Albarda, with developed hind wings, in which the abdominal formation did not appear to differ from that of the dipterous specimens. Thus, he re- marks, the following problems remain to be solved: 1, are the dipterous and complete individuals of opposite sexes, and ifso which are males and which females? 2, has the same sex occasionally developed hind wings, although usually dipterous? 3, do the two forms pertain to distinct species?
In C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1882, No. 17, p. 77, M’Lachlan records a dipterous specimen in the Museum R. at Bruxelles from Pavia by Mr. Bertolini. The species was not before known from Italy.
Pastor Wallengren in his Skandinaviens Neuroptera Planipennia, Kgl. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl., T. IX, No. 8,°1871, gives a very full account of the genus and the species. He could compare 3 specimens, male and female, and collected by himself in July near Farhuld, N, W. Scone, and 2 in the Stockholm Museum collected near this city by Prof. Boheman. ‘The female is here first described. The author could not make a study of the genitals and accepts the common view that the dipterous specimens are males. His descriptions are very detailed and excellent.
Mr. H. Albarda, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. XVII, 1874, Versl. p. 15 to 19, gives a full account of all published on HY. dprerus. He could study 4 specimens, 3 males and 1 female. Two males collected by Mr. Six in Driebergen, Holland, (recorded as long ago as 1858 in the same Tijdschr. Vol. I, Versl. p. 12 and 39) now in the Museum in Leyden; one collected by Mr. Evarts in Salzbourg, Austria and one collected by Dr. van Hasset near Utrecht. ‘The two last specimens are now in Mr. Albarda’s collection. The specimen from Utrecht has well developed hind wings and agrees perfectly with Mr. Wallengren’s description. Mr. Albarda believes (1 think his magnified figures are not published) that two forms exist, and that all four specimens seen by him are females. The specimen with well developed hind wings has the fore wings longer, and the transversals placed differently; he could not find in the dipterous specimens the hooked anal appendages so remarkable for Hemerobius.
This, as far as I know, is all that is published on ZH. dip/erus from Europe. There are 20 specimens present in collections, of which I have
== oh
seen half; 6 are specimens with developed hind wings, 4 seen by me; 14 are dipterous specimens, 6 seen by me. The 20 specimens are from 14 different localities, and besides those, Dr. Brauer, Neuropteren Furopas, 1876, p. 29, quotes Irkutzk, Sibiria.
NORTH AMERICAN SPECIMENS.
Dr. Packard in Proc. Boston S.N.H., 1870, t. 13, p. 407, mention- ed the capture of a dipterous specimen of Psectra dipiera in Brunswick, Maine, Sept. 16th. When Dr. Packard showed it to me, I recognized directly my old European acquaintance, though my collection was still in Europe. Dr. Packard notes that the specimen agrees perfectly well with Mr. M’Lachlan’s description and perfectly well with his figure, though the abdomen is blunt and rounded. The type is perhaps de- stroyed, at least up to the present I can not find it among the insects of the Salem Academy.
I am responsible for the locality Siberia given by Dr. Packard: it should have been S. Russia.
The second specimen, collected near Detroit, Michigan, May 25, 1874, by Mr. H. G. Hubbard is dipterous; the abdomen in bad con- dition,
The third specimen was collected in the Blue Hills, near Boston, Mass., June 1875, by the late Mr. Morrison. It has well developed hind wings; abdomen wanting. Both are in my collection.
When I was able last spring to acquire the types ‘of the late Asa Fitch, I was much surprised to find that his 7. de/icatudus, Report I, 1885, p. 96, is a specimen of Psectra diptera with well developed hind wings. It was swept from the grass of Prairies in Illinois, October 1, (A. F.). The specimen was covered with mould, but could be cleaned so as to be per- fectly recognizable; the abdomen is in bad condition.
The identification with the European species has been made with care. ‘There is only one difference. ‘The hind wing of the female from K6nigsberg has the sector beginning from the first bifurcation blackish to the margin, as described by Mr, Wallengren; the female from Boston not, except that the small furcations on the apical margin are brownish. The type of A. Fitch has the hind wings rolled together with the ab- domen, but the sector though somewhat darker than in the female from Boston is not blackish. The female from Russia is in very unlucky position, but as far as I can see the sector is not blackish. ‘The material before me does not allow me to go farther. Concerning the genital parts I can decidedly affirm, that the two dipterous specimens from Ké6nigs- berg are males. The specimen from Russia shows a differently pointed end of the abdomen.
Description of Gasteracantha rufospinosa. By Geo. Marx, M.D.
Although there are over 170 species of Gasteracantha at present known and_ described. from all parts of the globe: and several species are quite common in the U.S.,° there are only two males known for the 170 females. One is that of Gast. parvula, describ- ed by Thorell, the other that of Gast Rogersit, described by Cambridge, from Africa.
I received through the kindness of Mr. H. G. Hubbard of Crescent City, Fla., a female in alcohol (fig. d) with the notice to examine the ventral side and see if the little black spider, closely adhering to it, was a young one, or the long looked for, male. It was difficult to separate the two specimens, as the little one had securely fastened itself with the aid of several strong threads upon the rugose surface of the venter of the larger one. On examination it proved to be the male (fig, a).
This was interesting per se, but more remarkable is the great differ- ence in the structure between the two sexes and especially in the cephalo- thorax.
We need not wonder that in the male all spinous processes of the abdomen are wanting, for such is also the case in the 4 species of Acro- soma, indigenous to the U.S; but there is generally a certain similarity preserved in the structure of both sexes, even if the cepha’x in the is often larger and its pars cepha. higher.
Now in Gusteracantha the cepha’x of the male is on an entirely different plan for it is here drawn out into a pointed projection over the mandibles, the highest point being at the base of the p. ceph. (fig. b), while in the Q it is at the vertex of the cepha’x—the lateral eyes are re- moved far behind the posterior middle eyes.
The fact that the male was found fastened to the underside of the Y suggests that it might perhaps make its abode there for the whole period of sexual intercourse or even longer, and it would be of great interest, if the readers who reside in the Southern States would study the habits of this spider and make known the result.
eee
DES: CRT OLIN.
Male: Cephalothorax long 1 mm,, broad 0,8. Abdomen long 1.5, broad 1.8 mm.
Cepha’x blackish brown, finely granulated, Pars thoracica covered by abdomen; pars cephalica distinct, semi-globose, drawn out into a beak-like projection over the mandibles.
Eyes. A.M.E. largest, close to margin of clypeus. Square between the 4 M.E. longer than broad, narrower between P.M.E.; L.E. contizuous, on the side of cepha’x, much behind the P.M.E.
Abdomen semi-circular in front, sides straight, sloping toward the apex which is squarely cut. Near the posterior border is a ridge which runs parallel with it and which forms a break in the plane abdominal plate. Dark brown. At margin Io foveee or sigillee, 8 of which are at the semi-circular front and two behind. 4 fovez in centre of abdominal plate; the 2 anterior ones close together, the posterior farther separated than from the anterior, No spines. Abdominal plate with a narrow white margin and larger white spots between foveze; a large white mark between central foveee. Underside of abdomen black, rugose, conical toward the centrally located spinerets.
Legs 1 and 2 stout, femur brown, rest of joints testateous with brown bands at their extremities 3d pair very small, 4th pair long. and slender and colored like 1 and 2.
Palpus short, black, tibial joint with a hook externally, tarsal part broad, spcon- shaped, fig. c.
Female: Cepha’x long 3.3, broad 3. Abdomen long 5.5, broad 9. Breadth with the spines 13 mm. Legs I, 8.8, II, 8.6, III, 6, IV, 9.3 mm.
Cepha’« square and broad in front, rising suddenly, descending abruptly to pars thoracica; a little longer than broad, of a glossy black color rarely brownish, and scantily covered with thin white hairs. yes small, black; the lateral, contiguous. Mandibles vertical, stout and very prominently convex at the base, glossy black and hairy. Mawille short, broader than long, rounded at tip; black with a lighter*margin on inner side. Labiwm triangular, rounded, very short, black. Sternwm emarginate at margin, with a vertical spinous elevation between coxz IV; glossy black. Palpi black with orange colored rings on all joints, Abdomen elliptic, of bright lemon color. Six spines; four lateral, two posterior. First lateral pair smallest, second as long as posterior pair. This pair is placed upon a common base which is a little below posterior margin of abdominal shield. All spines are of a bright scarlet color with a darker tip and are clothed with a short and robust pubescence, each hair standing upon a little tubercle. The sigillee or fovece are oval and of a dark reddish brown color. ‘Ten of these are placed on the anterior margin of the abdomen, reach- ing around from the base of one anterior lateral spine to the corresponding one at the other side—and nine are placed from the one posterior lateral spine around the posterior margin of the abdomen to the other p. lateral spine. In the centre of the abdominal shield are four sigillae placed in a trapez, narrower in front. The hard black surface of the underside of the abdomen is interrupted by about six impressed lines, and is maculate with irregular orange colored spots, scattered over the whole region. Vulva an oval, convex, very glossy, and deep orange colored tubercle without any apparent orifice. Legs black, with orange colored rings on tibia, meta- tarsus and tarsus.
Synopses of Cerambycidae. By Cuas. W. Lene, B.S.
(Continued from p, 136, vol. 1.)
OBRIINI.
This tribe contains only small species, distinguished by the front coxee being more prominent than usual, sometimes nearly conical and frequently contiguous, but completely inclosed behind. Following the “Classification” the genera are arranged as follows:
Pvesvariable abdomen Ongerormed «< ..4). smenmeeyel dre cies cc crleye ee ore ehels shree Eyes finely granulate, elytra more or less subulate or abbreviated....... ........ 2 1.—Palpi with last joint broadly triangular... ................0- Poecilobrium. Palpi slightly dilated, tarsi tumid (or swollen) ...............--... .Eumichthus.
Palpi not dilated, last joint cylindrical;
Eyes coarsely granulate; Prothorax much narrowed, belind 2... in) ose cle aise = = Phyton. Prothorax equally narrowed before and behind, tuberculate at sides.......
.Obrium.
Eyes very finely granulated; prothorax with lateral and dorsal tubercles; Rimeiunes:tinestyinon hairsiSparse.. ca «+ «ene sree sleieiees seis ose le te Hybodera. Punctures coarse, flying hairs long and numerous;
INTESOSLEMMU MN WIDE 1s Aetna aise «i+ oc. eR aloe «> aie(alose sty sloriey. Callimus. Mesosternum narrow............. PSB oc cOS CR RAE eee Megobrium. er Plvira clongate and subulaten. 2...» = +s eetes a+ sears cs ete Callimoxys. Elytra short, dehiscent and separately rounded at tip................ Molorchus.
° POECILOBRIUM, Horn.
Contains one species described by Dr, Leconte as a Cadlimus. It is a small highly polished blue species with elytra sparsely punctured and thighs sometimes yellow. The prosternum is sparsely punctured, the abdomen nearly smooth.
P. chalybaeum Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, 1873, p. 189. Length .24 in. = 6 mm. Hab.* California.’
EUMICHTRHUS Lec.
A small species from Vancouver, dark brown, finely punctured and pubescent, with two narrow cinereous elytral bands, between which the color is darker. It has a resemblance from the arrangement of bands to C. decussatus. The elytra are marked near the base with a few large scattered punctures from which proceed long black flying hairs. The first two joints of tarsi are swollen.
* T am indebted to Mr. Samuel Henshaw of Boston for his kind assistance in re- vising the lists of habitats which would have been far less complete without his aid.
—28— ?
E. oedipus Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 190, Length .20 inch. =5 mm. Hab, Vancouver's Island. PHYTON, Newn.
Contains two small shining testaceous species with elytra unusually prettily marked with darker lines. The prothorax is constricted before and behind, considerably dilated at sides before the middle and strongly narrowed behind.
P. pallidum Say. J.A.P., III, 1823, p. 412; Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. X, p. 42; Lec. J.A.P., sec. 2, II, p. 22; lepidum Dej. Cat., 3d ed., p. 358; linum Newn., Ent., p. 18; nitidwm Knoch in litt. Length .21 in. = 5mm. Hab. Atlantic and Gulf States, Ark. ;
In this species the thorax bears three fuscous lines and each elytron four fuscous lines becoming paler at the suture where the Be form
anclesa( Vol. PIT, fig. 152i)
P. discoideum Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 190. Length .24 in. = 6mm. Hab, Cape San Lucas.
The thorax is without markings and the elytra bear a large fuscous cloud enclosing a round pale spot common to both elytra.
OBRIUM, Serv. Contains two species resembling the preceding but differing as stated in tableabove. The elytra and general color beneath are rufo- testaceous and the surface is punctate and sparsely pubescent.
Head and thorax piceous, coarsely and closely punctate, elytra pale reddish brown,
VEKyaCIStamibymOUMCtate se... .\: . ..c SeewnMene ern ence aioe forearetteierne ieee Se ee rubidum. Body uniformly rufo-testaceous, thorax not closely punctate, elytra more closely punctate; ( Viol MggeIS UM fie. 16)).)celete ember iclerels hh lever eee ee aero rubrum.
QO} rubidumy Wee; JASP., sec. 2; iy 1850; p. 22) kength= 336m. s— ona Iiab. Penn., Atlantic States.
O. rubrum Newn. Ent. Mo. Mag., V, 1838, p. 393. Length .25 in. = 6 mm. Hab. N.Y., Miss., Ohio, Pa., Atlantic States, Canada West. HYBODERA Lec.
Contains two species of moderate size, distinguished from the suc- ceeding by the finer punctures. The thighs are strongly clubbed; the antennz slender with scape as long as 2d & 3d jointsand joints 3-5 gradu- ally increasing in length. The prothorax is strongly constricted in front, less behind, and the base is as wide as apex; the sides are obtusely angu- lated and the disk bears four tubercles arranged in a square. They may be known as follows:
Larger species, thoracic tubercles very prominent............... .... tuberculata. Sinallensihoractetiberclesiteebly Geveloped meme rer: elie ety nea lerte sete debilis.
H. tuberculata Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 191. Length .36 in. = 9 mm. Hab.
Oregon, Vane. (Vol. I,.Pl. III, f 17.)
—29—
Color piceous, the elytra with a vague cinereous blotch at base and a broad band behind the middle, seen perfectly in well preserved speci- mens only. (Pl. Il, Vol. I, fig. 17.)
H. debilis Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., V, p. 66. Length .24in. = 6mm.
Hab. California. The color is again piceous and the markings consist of an oblique
silvery patch at base and a transverse band behind the middle. This may be only a poorly developed /ulerculata but the absence of large series prevents the synonymy being perfectly established.
CALLIMUS Muls.
* Contains two species resembling the European genus Car/allum in form but having the :ast joint of the palpi cylindrical and the meso— sternum very wide and truncate. The hind tibiz are somewhat curved. The species were described by Dr. Leconte under the generic name Pilema but do not differ from Ca/hmus and are therefore referred to that genus,
C. ruficolle Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 192. Length .32 to .36 in. = 8 tog mm. Hab. California.
Opaque black; thorax shining red, punctured, tuberculate and carinate, basal margin black; elytra flat, punctured and with the sutural angle prominent.
C. cyanipenne Lec. l.c. p. 192. Length .28 to .30in. =7to8 mm. Hab. California. :
Flavo-ferruginous; thorax, 9 red, © black; head, antennz, apex of femora, tibiae and tarsi black; elytra blue, flat and punctured.
MEGOBRIUM Lec.
M. Edwardsii Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 193. Length .50 in. = 12.5 mm. Hab. California. ‘
A species larger than the preceding but resembling them in form. Palpi oval, mesosternum narrow, prothorax longer, lateral tubercle much larger and obtuse. Color testaceous. Elytral punctures few, arranged in three lines extending from base to a little behind the middle witha few scattered outside of these lines. The elytra bear an angulated pale band in front of the middle and a few nebulosities behind. (PI. III, Vol. I, fig. 18.)
CALLIMOXYS Kraatz.
Contains two species readily distinguished from others of the group by the subulate elytra, The thorax of g' is more or less red in both species, The color is black except the hind legs which are yellow, the club of the femora only being black. The elytra are somewhat variable, generally brownish with darker margin, and punctured, The species are
Entomologica Americana, Vol. II. 5 May 1886.
difficult to separate and Dr. Horn has kindly communicated the follow-
ing table to us: Aibdomenvalmostiolabrousiwer\e\+ +\s o «(se wtnveriMptcttta stata ols okera) wietatslte sanguinicollis. Abdomen rather densely clothed with cinereous, slightly yellow pubescence......... fuscipennis. C, sanguinicollis Oliv. Ent. IV, 74, p. 9, t. 1, fig. 7; Chev. Ann. Fr., 1862, p. 257 (Pl. II, fig. 19). Length.4oin. =10mm, Hab. U.S, east of Rocky Mts. C. fuscipennis Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil., 1861, p. 356. Length .40 in. = 10 mm. Hab, California. MOLORCHUS Fab.
Contains two species with very short elytra, dehiscent and separately rounded at tip. ‘The color is blackish except the elytra which are more or less testaceous. The variability in their coloration has given rise to a considerable synonymy.
SYNOPSIS. Prothorax narrower, angulated at sides; elytra testaceous... ......... longicollis. Prothorax broader, rounded at sides; elytra more or less blackish at tip and margin...
bimaculatus.
M. longicollis Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, p. 193. Length .32 in. = 8 mm. Hab. California,
M. bimaculatus Say, J.A.P., Ill, 1823, p. 428; Newn. Ent., p. 20; affinis Weer Ann) yell, ps 172, t- 11, £f. 12; obseurns ecw Ab.) Sera2, sell pencte Length .20 to .32 in. =5to8mm. Hab. U.S., except Pacific Slope.
M, cornt Hald:, Trans. Am. Philt, XX, 1847, p. 45s. Lec, | Arp aiser: 2, II, p. 21, is a variety with the thorax rufous, found in North Carolina and Alabama upon the flowers of Cornus.
i. semiusius Newn. Ent: p. 19; Lec. }.A P., ser: 2, Il, p. 38) isa variety of AL, dimaculatus with the greater portion of the surface rufo- testaceous (PI. III, Vol. J, fig. 20). It occurs at St. John’s Bluff, E. Fla.
RHOPALOPHORINI. RHOPALOPHORA Serv.
This, the only genus of the tribe, contains three species, all slender blackish gray insects with prothorax more or less red. ‘The head is elongate, eyes finely granulate, antennz slender with 4th joint shorter than 3d and sth. ‘Thorax variable in form and sculpture. Elytra punctate, flat, suddenly declivous at base. Legs very long and slender, thighs suddenly and strongly clubbed at tip, 1st joint of hind tarsi twice as long as 2d.
SYNOPSIS OF RHOPALOPHORA.
USF D EIN NUT eA Cele Oot MMMM nics oon bb Ac tcddodnodoa sags? lzevicollis. ‘Thorax punctured. Thorax broader, ‘strongly bi-impressedijpieteiae epic er ee nersieentete ees longipes.
Thorax narrower, transversely plicate and rugose................--s. rugicollis.
—2[—
R. levicollis Lec. 5.M.C., No. 264, p. 193. Length .48 in. = 12 mm. Hab. ‘Texas and New Mex.
Larger than any other species in our fauna and easily known by the impunctured thorax, which is distinctly constricted on the side at base.
R. longipes Say, J.A.P., III, 1823, p. 426; Lec. J.A.P., ser. 2, II, p. 20; Proc. Ac, Phil., VII, 1854, p. 218; amabilis Dej. Cat. 3d ed., p. 359; porosa White Longic, VIII, 2, p. 206. Length .30in. =7.5 mm. Hab. Col., Penn., Kans.. Mo., Neb.
The elytra are sometimes armed at tip.
R. rugicollis Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil., 1858, p. 83. Length .38 in. = 9.5 mm. Hab. Texas.
Distinguished from preceding by the form and sculpture of the thorax.
ANCYLOCERINI. ANCYLOCERA Serv.
This, also the only genus of the tribe contains a single species, a very dainty insect, black with scarlet elytra and abdomen and _ the long slender legs and clubbed thighs which make the preceding genus con- spicuous. ‘The body is slender, head short and prothorax very long compared with the cylindrical elytra. The antenne are serrate, more noticeably the inner joints, 2 as long as the body in Q, and longer than same in g\. The hind pair of thighs is armed with a terminal spine.
A. bicolor Oliv. Ent. IV, 1795, 68, p. 32, t. 3, f. 25; Casteln. Hist. Nat. II, p- 431; rugicollis Fab. Syst. El., II, p. 317; Lacord. Gen. Atl. X, t. 93, f. §; Lec. J.A.P., ser. 2, I, 1850, p. 19; lividipennis Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. X, 1847, p. 44.
Length .50 to.7oin. = 12.5 to 18mm. Hab. Southern States from North Carolina to Texas. (PI. III, fig. 22, Vol. I.)
PARISTEMIINI.
The characters separating this tribe will be found in the arrangement of tribes, Bull. Br. Ent. Soc., VII, p. 114, or more fully discussed in the Classification p. 294. Two genera are known as under:
Antenne short, serrate, 11th joint appendiculate.... ............... Elytroleptus. Antenne longer, slender, t1th joint simple...................00. ...Holopleura. ELYTROLEPTUS Duges.
Contains five species formerly known under the generic name Preroplatus. ‘The peculiar form of the elytra shown in the figure (PI. J, fig. 1) at once distinguishes the genus and the species may be distinguish- ed by the following
SYNOPSIS OF ELYTROLEPTUS. Black, elytra black with outer margin broadly fulvous.................. floridanus. Blache Velie aeGGISIMMMGUOW 603 2 <'c coe > sos sa oie lest es'clea a i-c's rufipennis,
Scarlet, elytra scarlet with apical fourth black...... 0.66.65. 0s eee eee apicalis. Scarlet, elytra all scarlet... .. 0+. «)<Siiseie apie snles = + <2 shir tein oe ignitus. Ferruginous, posterior half of elytra black .... 1.2.0.0... ee eee eee eee ees divisus.
E. floridanus Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil., 1862, p. 38. Length .37 in. = 9 mm. Hab, Florida.
E. divisus Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XII, p. 23. Length .36 in. = 9 mm. Hab, Texas.
E. rufipennis Lec., lc. Length .44 to .52 in. = 11 to13 mm. Hab. Ariz., N. Mex.
E. apicalis Lec., lc. Length .44 to.68in. =11to17mm. Hab, Arizona.
E. ignitus Lec., lc. Length .44 to.52 in. =11to13 mm. Hab. Arizona.
A full description of the last four species will be found in Dr. Leconte’s posthumus writings, cited above, together with notes by Dr. Horn. The exact value of these species is somewhat doubtful and it will require more material to settle the point than is yet accessible.
HOLOPLEURA Lec.
Contains only one species, but that is among the daintiest of the smaller Longicorns. The color of trunk, antennz, and legs is black; thorax and elytra reddish, sometimes very bright scarlet and always more or less ornamented with blackish spots and vittee, more distinct in the male (Pl. I, fig. 2).
H. marginata Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, 1873, p. 194; Helena Q Lec., l.c. Length .32 to .36in. =8togmm. Hab. California. y
ROSALIA Serv.
R. funebris Mots. Bull. Mosc., 1845, I, p. 87, t. 2, f.8; Lec. Ent. Rept., 1857, p. 61, t. 2, f. 11; alpina Lec. J.A.P., ser. 2, II, 1852, p. 177. Length 1 to 1.5 in, =25to4omm. Hab. Pacific Coast to Sitka,
The remarkable black-white coloration of this insect distinguishes it very easily. It is the only representative of the tribe Rosaliini (Pl. I
fig 3).
’
EVANDA Thoms.
E. xanthomelas Guer. included in Austin’s Supplement to Crotch’s Check List has not been found within our faunal limits and is to be dropped therefore from our lists.
(To be continued, )*
TO OUR: READERS:
In accordance with our custom, the first two numbers are sent to all our old subscribers. No. 3 and the future numbers will be sent only to those who send in their subscriptions to this volume.
* The plate to this paper will be given with the next number.
-_
A generic Synopsis of the Hymenopterous Family Chalcididae.
By L. O. Howarp (Continued from page 219 of Vol. I.)
Subfamily PTEROMALINAE. SYNOPSIS OF TRIBES. Posterior tibize 2-spurred. Parapsides of mesoscutum discernible, or indicated anteriorly. Abdomen with a more or less distinct petiole, usually long; parapsides discernible
anteriorly: OF COMpIEle + i .)4q5..... + «sees « Tribe Mischogastrides. Abdomen almost sessile; parapsides complete............ Tribe Cleonymides. Parapsides of mesoscutum not at all discernible........... Tribe Colotrechnides, Posterior tibize 1-spurred.* PATILE One mOraenlanr eds ye e\stays/s\s cisi-ia, 2 Sea eerste store. Tribe Chiropachides.
Anterior femora not enlarged.
Head very large, broad, excavated in front, with two acute tubercles on each SID Gres eye cic eis aera epee -
S660 ss 0d chOuOoE Tribe Caratomides. Head not especially large. Clypeus in the middle at apex acutely 2-dentate; marginal vein of fore wings oitenuthickened assassins: jus dostale’ ogee eaetetehs forece oie Tribe Sphegigastrides. Clypeus not 2-dentate. Marginal vein not at all or very slightly thickened. Wings with a long marginal vein, short stigmal and almost no club Tribe Diparides. MOGOUIBOS so550s0dpde Tribe Pteromalides. Tribe MISCHOGASTRIDES. Mesoscutar parapsides plainly discernible. Collar not separated. Dorsum convex; parapsides convex. Petiole short, or moderately so; left mandible 3-dentate. Petiole rugose or smooth; ,j' trophi normal
Club always quite pronounced
Genus Lamprotatus Wesiwood. Petiole punctate, sub-depressed; wings with a very large club.
Dorsum sericeus-punctate; <j‘ trophi normal
*Genus Gitognathus Thomson. Dorsum squamous-punctate; <j’ trophi normal......................
*Genus Stictomischus Thomson. Petiole very short; both mandibles 3-dentate; club small
*Genus Seladerma Walker.
OC ar ee eS
Dorsum of mesonotum much flatter; parapsidal sutures not deep, posteriorly delicate but complete.
Metathorax rugose; <j‘ antennz sub-clavate .*Genus Megorismus Walker.
* Sometimes 2-spurred in the Chiropachides in which case the fore wings are transversely banded with brown. (See synopsis of this Tribe.) Also 2-spurred in the genus Dimachus of the Tribe Pteromalides.
Mhorax: short, "scutellar furrows almost Straight *).. - 2c ss qe eiiiente *Genus Ormocerus Walker. Collar separated; parapsides not convex; petiole short......... ....... «+--+. *Genus Toxeuma Walker. Mesoscutar parapsides not plainly separated; antennz with a long scape. Marginal and postmarginal veins long; j' trophi abnormal...................-- *Genus Halticoptera Spinola. Marginal and submarginal veins not long; <{ trophi normal, ................-5 *Genus Dicyclus Walker. Tribe CLEONYMIDES.
Eyes hairy; labrum conspicuous; mandibles rather weak; ring joints of the antennze
* large. DOchy me tall Cueranyay eerste) + <7 o.0r hepeiete tee nee vey aT *Genus Cleonymus Latreille. Rody scarcely metallic; abdomen sub-rotund; antenne clavate.................-
*Genus Micradelus Walker. KXyes smooth; labrum hidden; mandibles strong; the left 3- and the right 4-dentate. Scutellar frenum with transverse impressions; head with rounded, convex cheeks... *Genus Trigonoderus Westwood. Not so; head triangular, narrow anteriorly. ZN OME MESESSILG avert co ove el o1+'= ee eee sade *Genus Platygerrhus Thomson. Abdomen with a distinct petiole.........:...... *Genus Photismus Thomson.
Tribe COLOTRECHNIDES.
This tribe consists of the single genus *Colotrechnus which is sufli- ciently described in the Synopsis of Tribes for synoptical purposes.
Tribe CHIROPACHIDES. / Posterior tibize armed with two spurs; wings banded; marginal vein not thickened. Anterior femora exciso-dentate; posterior tibial spurs arcuate; wings with two EHANSVELSE DANS ametaes-...« «+ :<cheeeneenelneiere Genus Chiropachys Westwood. Anterior femora simple; wings with but one band; stigmal club large, horizontal... *Genus Acrocormus Foerster. Posterior tibize with one spur. Marginal veins of fore wings thickened. Antennz with the ring-joints large, not transverse; anterior coxze subcylindrical;
Silemalyelubiobsolete:. ... . ....c seen achat *Genus Pandelus Foerster. Antenne with transverse ring-joints; cyaneous.
Stigmal and postmarginal veins short........... *Genus Metacolus Foerster.
Stigmal vein longer than marginal; Q with antennal club stylate at apex.....
*Genus Raphitelus Walker. Marginal vein of fore-wings not thickened. Stigmal club very large; anterior border of pronotum sharp .................. *Genus Dinotus Foerster. Stigmal club small or moderately so; anterior margin of pronotum rounded.... Genus Rhopalicus Foerster. Tribe CARATOMIDES.
Consists of the single genus Carafomus Dalman, a very strange form which can be readily recognized from the characters given in the tribal synopsis.
Family SPHEGIGASTRIDES. Upper wings with a delicate marginal vein, petiole punctate above, longer than broad. Petiole longer than the posterior coxze; ¢j' palpi normal, Head with compressed cheeks; vertex not very narrow.
Parapsides GIscermibleneptenre cs. 0. +s. (emeiiets -*Genus Merismus Walker. Parapsides not plainly discernible. Abdominal joints 2 and 3 very large .."Genus Sphegigaster Spinola.
Abdominal joint 2 very large, others short, often retracted................ *Genus Cryptoprymnus Foerster. Head with rounded cheeks, sub-lenticular, vertex narrow; postpetiole very large: Collar broads. .)).tjgemree ss 2+ sole Se *Genus Syntomopus Walker. Petiole not longer than posterior coxz; second segment of abdomen deeply emargi- nate and third very large; <' palpi abnormal.
Vertex acute in the middle; parapsides not plainly discernible.................. *Genus Cyrtogaster Walker. Vertex not acute medially; parapsides plainly discernible. ................... *Genus Polycystus Westwood.
Upper wings with a thick marginal vein; petiole shorter than the posterior cox. Parapsides plainly separated; stigmal club large.....*Genus Pachycrepis Foerster. Parapsides not plainly distinguished.............. Genus Pachyneuron Walker.
Tribe DIPARIDES.
Petiole shorter than posterior cox; ,j' antenne not verticillate-pilose.............. *Genus Panstenon Walker. Petiole linear, longer than coxze; postpetiole very large; <j’ antennz with well separ-
ated joints, sparsely verticillate.. |... Sonera. - - *Genus Dipara Walker.
Tribe PTEROMALIDES.
Rostenion tibie 2-spurred 0.52. 6c. oct 0 ee *Genus Dimachus. Posterior tibize 1-spurred. Antennal club subulate ©, or conico-acuminate ¢/; metathorax punctate, no fold and no spiracular sulcus .... Antennal club not subulate. Antenne inserted below the middle of the face; stigmal club scarcely discernible; vertex not medially acute; cheeks round; abdomen not rotund; left mandible 3-, right 4-dentate; joint 1 of the antennal funicle equal to the others in size, Marelyeabnuptlyasmaller. :.. .)s).\..< » -/aeeeneielselcts|s = Genus Eutelus Walker. ‘Yerebra exserted; funicle of antenn thick, joint 1 in the © abruptly smaller: thorax ahove smooth; metathorax very short
AMPS 3. Sane Genus Merisus Walker.
Genus Roptrocerus Ratzeburg.
Joint 1 of the antennal funicle most usually large, very rarely abruptly smaller than the others; posterior coxze not pubescent on the hind margin at base:
left mandible usually 3-dentate, dentations broad at base
*Genus Aetroxys Westwood.
Anterior margin of the collar sharp, acutely reflected; mandibles acutely 4- dentate..... O00 (OREO ce S COGaae *Genus Isocyrtus Walker. I1ead with the vertex sometimes medially acute; eyes occasionally hairy; mandi- bles usually 4-dentate; antennz often inserted below the middle of the face; ring joint plainly discernible; metathorax usually punctulate and furnished
La 296
with a carina; abdomen often rotund, never produced at apex with Q...... Genus Pteromalus Swederus. Mandibles with three acute strong teeth; collar narrow, scarcely discernible... . . Genus Metopon Walker.
Genus DIMACHUS.
Collar not separated; funicle filiform, joint 1 large. Marginal vein thickened, stigmal nearly same length or a little longer; body short... Subgenus Czenocrepis. Marginal vein delicate, longer than stigmal. Abdomen with a basal yellow band..............+...-- Subgenus Dimachus. Abdomenhwithimoyband!:-3.. 2: . Selaemmantatete cvcleteneterct pele Subgenus Hemitrichus. Collar separated. First funicle joint short.
Antenne shonte clavate) i 2.2.3.4 aelbetseieicies hie) =e) rae Subgenus Habritus. Amitenmneess Onn wai: c.<) <<. + ciat eneneetetenete ces he ensue’ obehs Subgenus Dinarmus. First funicle joint cylindrical; antennee filiform........... Subgenus Picroscytus.
Genus MERISUS.
First funicle joint short; rim of the metathorax with large punctures; coxe all rufous Subgenus Bceotomus Foerster.
First funicle joint as long as the following. Abdomen subcylindrical, joint 3 short............... Subgenus Merisus Walker. Abdomen subovate, dorsum often flattened.....Subgenus Homoporus Thomson.
Genus EUTELUS.
Marginal vein one and a half times as long as the stigmal; metathorax with distinct lateral folds; club of (¥' antennz blackish. Head with narrow vertex; Q ocelli placed in a very slightly curved line; thorax Vir adel ae D ae SR MRRPE cco Gay i Subgenus Eutelus Walker. Head with broad vertex; clypeus incised or truncate at apex; ocelli large; placed in a triangle; thorax long; margin of collar sharp; abdomen elongate, OBIS. Com Sou) SOBOBREEND ooo S405 a6 Subgenus Platytermus Thomson. Marginal vein not at all or bnt slightly longer than stigmal; metathorax with no lateral folds; first funicle joint very small; vertex and collar narrow.
Antenne inserted a little below the middle of the face.......................... Subgenus Amblymerus Thomson. Antenne inserted slightly above the clypeus; metathorax very short.......... ...
Subgenus Psilonotus Thomson.
Genus ROPTROCERUS. Antenne inserted almost in the middle of the face which is impressed with large PINCHES. o Condo mdU Cm OMUOOEEtO Dood dnr Subgenus Roptrocerus Ratzeburg. Antennze inserted scarcely above the clypeus.........5ubgenus Anogmus Foerster.
Genus AATROXYS. Clypeus armed apically in the middle with a tooth; thorax long, collar acutely margined and dilated laterally; metathorax with short folds or none at all....... Subgenus Stenomalus Thomson. Clypeus with no apical tooth, but with a sinuate or truncate apex, Wings with a large stigmal club; head with the cheeks often rounded; collar separated, acute and not narrow medially.
Fao hae
Metathorax short; clypeus incised in the middle at apex; mesothoracic episterna
eH COMGEREE ale sn ns oe ees eae Subgenus Cecidostiba Thomson. Metathorax not short, often with a fold and often also with a slight transverse
carina; head and thorax usually rigido-pubescent ....................4... Subgenus Coenacis Foerster.
Wings with a small or medium-sized stigmal club; head often triangular and with prominent eyes; collar often not at all or slightly separated. Head triangular, narrowed towards mouth, face not rigido-pubescent; eyes large, convex, round; preesternum large; mesosternal groove distinct; the round spiracles remote from postscutellum.
Collar acute. Vertex acute in the middle............ .., Subgenus ZEtroxys Westwood.
Vertex not acute in the middle. Birstiumicle jomibismallls).)5.) 32. eee Subgenus Cricellius Thomson. Birstfuniclesjomtilarces: 4.) : \.«eeeen Subgenus Holczeus Thomson. Collay noPseparatedias s..)nc0s--.- --/ tocar Subgenus Stinoplus Thomson. Head usually with bulging cheeks; eyes not prominent; sternal groove obsolete; vertex in the middle not acute; metathoracic spiracles usually large, oval: collar not at all or slightly acute; first funicle joint longer than pedicel.
Collar broad; -head with bulging cheeks; left mandible 3-dentate............ Subgenus Habrocytus Thomson.
Collar narrow in the middle; head narrowing towards mouth; both mandibles Subgenus Spintherus Thomson.
Genus ISOCYRTUS.
Eyes hairy; metathorax long, its apical border with large punctures; abdomen wiih its second segment smooth at base, the third notsmall........................ Subgenus Isocyrtus Walker. Eyes smooth; second abdominal segment with a dense fringe on sides, not large; third small. Vertex broad; head short, thick, eyes round and prominent; funicle of the <j antennce alternately white. .........0. . sapere Subgenus Polycelis Thomson. Vertex not broad, eyes sub-ovate .... .... Subgenus Trichomalus Thomson.
Genus PTEROMALUS.
Eyes hairy; antennze incrassate; vertex sharp in the middle. Wings maculate; 9 abdomen short, ovate; tibize with rigid bristles.............. Subgenus Halizous Thomson. Wings immaculate; abdomen rotund.........Subgenus Trichoglenus Thomson.
Eyes smooth. BiTSHMclomOMaeSMAA oa vs. 2 sot
First fnnicle joint large. Metathorax with a large sub-globose neck; flagellum of antennz filiform; ©Q ab-
domen ovate-acute; postmarginal vein longer than stigmal. Wings entirely pubescent; head with concave cheeks; neck of metathorax STAG ODEUMEE EST eretcliic'ats'o. o> 6 3. «ava aaa Subgenus Catolaceus Thomson.
Wings with a large clear spot; neck of metathorax punctate................. Subgenus Pteromalus Swederus.
Metathorax usually with a very small neck; postmarginal vein often shorter than stigmal, very rarely longer; Q abdomen usually rotund.
. Subgenus Meraporus Walker.
Entomologica Americana, Vol. II. 6 May 1886.
ae
Postmarginal longer than stigmal; neck of metathorax short; abdomen oval- RONG avettexs DLOAds. .... ccleaner eee Subgenus Diglochis Thomson. Postmarginal shorter than stigmal or equal to it. Abdomen oblong. Vertex rounded in the middle, Q abdomen ovate, convex below; Q wings often marked with large smoky discs; club of OQ antenne small,
shorter than pedicel’. serie n Subgenus Arthrolytus Thomson. Vertex acute in the middle...........-.. Subgenus Dibrachys Thomson. Abdomen rotund; cheeks compressed, acute; wings hyaline, postmarginal Shortemthanstiomal.... .- eee Subgenus Ceelopisthus Thomson.
Genus METOPON.
© antenne strongly incrassate, sub-clavate; f\ antenne verticillate-pilose.......... Subgenus Metopon Walker.
© antenne with the flagellum of equal width throughout, ¢/' antennz pubescent or densely clothed with short hairs; Q abdomen rotund..... ..............
Subgenus Dirhicnus Thomson. (To be continued.)
SS CS ee Notes on Thelyphonus Zasr.
By Gro. Marx, M.D.
There isa group among the Av/hrogastra, to which Latreille has given the name Pedipal/pz. ‘This term can be interpreted in two ways, either, the palpi are like legs, or the legs are like palpi. ‘‘Padpi brachia
emulanies’, says Latr., ‘‘the palpi resemble arms”. Ifhe had intended .
to introduce this idea into the name, he should have called the group Brachiopalpi. But he was correct in naming it Pedipalpz, for the anterior pair of legs are here functionally no motor organs; but their strucrure and insertion prove that they are the, here retained, 2nd maxillary or labial palpi of the insects, which are transformed in all other Arachnida into leg-like structures with motor functions, giving thus the whole class the characteristic 8 legs, and which are here exceptionally preserved in their original form.
While the insertion of the 8 legs in all Avachnides is on one plane, either in close apposition or radiating from the sternum, we find in the Pedipalpi at their sternal surface only 6 cox surrounding the sternal plate and the insertion of the first pair is at the pleural side and in the upper outer border of the maxillx.
The difference in the structure between the anterior and the other 6 legs is remarkable. The former are not half as thick, but at least twice as long as the latter. ‘The tibia represents in the other six legs one joint (in Phrynus sometimes two and three) while it has in the front pair—at least in some—27 to 37 joints, and the tarsus 8, 65, or even as many as 85, when it has in the other 3 pair only 3 joints,
b]
pce
Latreille divided the Pedtpa/pi into 2 genera: Phrynus and Thelyphon- us. Since then numerous species have been collected and new genera have been proposed. Koch establishes for the genus Zhelyphonus the family Urofrichi or Whiptails and Karsch for Phrynus the family Zaran/ula with the genera PArynichus, Tarantula, Damon and Charon.
Lucas described in his monograph 7 species of Zhelyphonus, amongst which is 7) giganéeus which is found quite frequently in the Southern States, where it is much feared by the people who call it Nigger Killer, - Mule Killer, Grampus, etc. Girard found a new species in the collection of the Red River Expedition 1852, which he called Zhelyph. excubiior, and for which he gave no locality. This species seems to be very rare, for it is mentioned nowhere since in print, nor have I ever -seen more than one although more than 20 specimens of gzganteus came under my observation. This one isin my own collection and was received some time ago from Texas with a number of specimens of the other species.
In examining this little collection I found the following interesting facts: 1, that evcuddor is the male of giganteus; 2, that they have not as stated by all authors hitherto, 8 eyes, but 12; 3, that they are per- fectly harmless as they possess no poison glands in their mandibles. The reasons for this assertions are; 1. The structural differences between both species are exactly such, as are found between the sexes of the scorpions: viz. in the male the tail and the palpi are longer and the abdomen more tapering toward the apex. There is no other difference in structure found. In opening the abdomen of two gzganteus I found them filled with eggs or remnants of such, which was not the case in examining the abdominal cavity of excuditor. The external opening of the sexual organs present a great difference of structure, for while in all gzganteus the vulva appears as a closed bursa the sexual orrifice in eacudztor is not closed but repres- ents a slit, divided vertically by a bar with two arch-like prominences. 2. The fact that 2 eyes on each side have hitherto escaped the notice of natur- alists, has for its reason, that they are extremely small in comparison with the three large eyes between which they stand. Beside the two anterior ocelli which stand in the median line near the clypeus, there is on each side of the cepha’x and further back than the front eyes, a tubercle upon which these 5 ocelli are situated: one small one at the tip of the tubercle, one large one at its external side and one of medium size at the posterior slope. Between these two latter ones are two very small ocelli, the anterior of which stands a little higher than the posterior one. These small ocelli are quite distinct and shine with the same bright amber color out of the nearly black background of the tubercle. 3. That they have no poison gland in the mandibles, I can only prove by the absence of
orifice in the terminal mandibular claw, which would occur here as well as in all other Avachnida which have a poison gland in their mandibles,
But they have another weapon, useful only for defense; for they can emit a sharp and penetrating odor very much like acetic acid. The in- habitants of some West India Islands therefore call them ‘“Vinaigrier” or vinegar maker. Where that odor gland is situated in the body of Tiielyphonus 1 am unable to say as my studies were confined only to dried specimens.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
Fig. 1. Thelyphonus giganteus Latr. to show the mandibles and male (Thel. excubitor Girard). maxille, Fig. 2. Thelyphonus giganteus Latr. Fig. 6. Front from the side. female. Fig. 7. Abdomen of the male, showing Fig. 3. Sternal surface of the female. the sexual orifice. Fig. 4. Lateral eye eminence with the Fig. 8. The mandiblesseparated. @ from five eyes. the inner side; b. from the outer Fig. 5. Front showing the mandibles. side. All the mouthparts are hidden Fig. 9. On organ of special sense, situ- under a thick pubescence and ated at the tibia of each leg. these hairs have been removed ~
~~ ——_-—_~=x>- + ~@> os Ce ————s—sS—S
Remarks on North American Scolytids. By E. A. Scuwarz, Wasuineton, D.C,
Gnathotrichus materiarius. Dr. Packard in his Guide, p. 493, (see also Bull. 7, U.S. Ent. Comm., p. 174) states that ‘‘a species, prob- ably the Cryphalus materiarius of Fitch” has been found to bore into empty wine casks and spoil them for use. This is undoubtedly a con- fusion of species, as G. materiarius lives exclusively in pine trees. The species in question was probably Xyleborus fuscaius which, in my ex- perience, bores in several kinds of deciduous trees.
Gnathotrichus asperulus 1s perhaps not rare; but not easily recognized. It bears a close resemblance to the smaller and rubbed specimens of Pityophthorus minuiissimus, from which it differs mainly by vestiture of the antennal club. I beat two specimens from Pinus inops near Washington in May. In this tree it will probably be found boring in the same manner as G. maéertarius.
Pityophthorus. The first group of this genus (Leconte’s group B), at once recognizable by the fine and dense punctuation of the elytra, includes a few easily distinguished species, infesting deciduous trees. The sexual differences seem to be alike in all species. ‘The second group (Leconte’s group C), divides naturally into two sections: In the first the elytral declivity is dissimilar in the two sexes. The three species which
— 4I—
comprise this section (.X’. carinulatus, sparsus and plagia/us) are readily distinguished and live under bark of pine trees. They constitute a series which is strikingly parallel with that formed by the European Zomuicus chalcographus, bidens and 4-denta‘us, and since Mr. Eichhoff (Europ, Borkenkafer, p, 23), states that the first of these occurs also in North America, he probably refers to our P. sparsus. However, a comparison of specimens is necessary to establish the identity. The second section in which the elytral declivity is alike in both sexes comprises numerous species, mostly living on Conifers, and which are extremely difficult to distinguish. To one of those with nearly regularly punctate- striate elytra (probably P. hirticeps) belongs Fitch’s Zomicus minutis- SIMUS. Ears
Xyloterus bivittatus. Mr. Eichhoff (lc., p. 299) cites this as a synonym of the European X. /imea‘us Oliv,, and I think that he is right. His X. wiffiger (l.c., p. 298), described from California, is un- doubtedly only a color variety of the same species.
Xyleborus pyri. The male still remains unknown, but from analogy with the European X. dispar I strongly suspect that the species described by Leconte as odesus will prove to be the male of pyri.
Xyleborus retusicollis. I have seen a female of this rare species in Mr. Ulke’s collection. It agrees with the male in size and sculpture of the elytra but has the thorax anteriorly slightly flattened and not ex- cavated,
Xyleborus xylographus Say. Under this name Dr, Fitch in his 4th Report, p. 30, describes a Scolytid boring under the bark of pine. His description is not cited by Zimmermann nor by Leconte, but his very careful article on the life habits of the species is copied by Dr. Packard in his Bull. 7, U.S.E. Comm., p. 163. A glance at Fitch’s description plainly shows that he was mistaken in the identification of the species and that he had before him what is now known as X. celutus Eichh. Moreover xylographus belongs to a group of species which do not live under bark, but enter the solid wood. X. Saxeseniz Ratz. is said by Eichhoff (l.c., p. 280) to occur in North America a:d this could only be identical with xylographus. Say’s name however would have priority.
Xyleborus pubescens. Among a large colony of this beetle which I found boring into Pizus mops near Washington, I discovered two specimens of the male. It is only one-third the size of the largest female, the elytral strize are finer, the tubercles at the declivity smaller, the thorax much shorter, not longer than wide, anteriorly much more suddenly rounded and distinctly depressed. The difference in general appearance between the two sexes is very striking.
Xyleborus punctipennis, In the male the head is covered with very long but not dense hair and the elytral declivity is less impressed than in the female. This sexual character is quite exceptional in this genus and but for the structure of the antennal club this species would be referred to Pityophthorus.
Dryocoetes septentrionis is synonymous with D, autographus Ratz. as correctly stated by Eichhoff (l.c., p 262).
Cryphalus rigidus. What Leconte (Rhynchophora of N. Am., p. 362) describes as the male I take to be the female. Two specimens from Detroit, Mich., which I consider as males, have the head deeply retracted in the thorax so that its sculpture cannot be seen; but the first antennal joint is fringed with a double row of long pale hairs as in certain species of ALcracis.
Cryphalus jalappe. Mr. Henshaw in his Check List wrongly places this in the genus Cocco/rypes. To the latter genus belongs Bosiry- chus daclyliperda Fabr., which, according to Eichhoff, lives in dates and Areca nuts and which has been widely distributed with these two articles of commerce.
Xylocleptes. Mr. Eichhoff (l.c., p. 23) states that X. drspinus occursin North America, ‘The species is easily recognizable but I have seen nothing similar in our collections and suspect a confusion of locali- ties. It bores in the stems of Clematis. X. cucurbite@ lives in the vines of Wild Gourd, and X. decipiens will no doubt also prove to have similar habits, as the numerous specimens I collected in Michigan and near Washington always occured on low plants. I have failed heretofore to discover the real food plant, X. conc*nnus, on the contrary, is stated by Mannerheim to Jive under pine bark.
Tomicus sexdentatus according to Eichhoff (l.c., p. 213) occurs in North America; but the statement is probably based upon a wrong locality.
Tomicus montanus Eicbh. (l.c., p. 219) from California is syn- onymous with 7? confusus.
Tomicus mucronatus Lec, of Henshaw’s Check List is apparently a duplication of Crvphalus mucronatus and should be stricken off.
(To be continued.)
Hwa tee
Notes and News. We have received from Mr. Scudder a circular announcing the near completion of his work on the New England Butterflies, and giving a list of desiderata in the way of early stages for illustrations. The list. is
too long to reprint, but if any.of our readers who may be in the position to aid Mr. Scudder will write to him, we doubt not that he will receive the list by return mail. Almost anybody can do something in this way. and we hope that Mr. Scudder will succeed in securing an abundance of the desired material.
$$ ry 0 0 a
Book Notices.
New Genera and species of Californian Coleoptera. By Thos. L. Casey, Lt. Eng’rs. Bull. Cal. Ac. Sci., Vol. I, pp. 283—336, 1 pl. Dec. 15, 1885.
Describes 31 species of Staphylinide, mostly belonging to the Ale- ocharini, with the new genera Colusa with five species (all new), Ponto- malota with three species (Phytosus opacus Lec. and two new), Platyusa with one species, Bryonomus (for Cafius canescens Mann, and C. semr- nitens Horn) and Vellica (Homatini). Describes also three species of Actidium (Trichopterygide), Euscaphurus saltator (n. gen. et sp. Dascyl- lidze) Ccenocara occidens, (Ptinidee), Platycerus californicus ( Lucanidz) and Polyphylla marginata (Scarabeeidee),
In attacking the Adocharinr, Lt. Casey ventures into an unexplored field, where he is comparatively safe from making synonyms, because most of the species {rom the Pacific Coast are undescribed. It is to be hoped however, that Lt. Casey will not confine his work to mere de- scriptions; but will take up some of the groups systematically.
The Butterflies of the Eastern United States. For the use of classes in Zoo- logy and private students. By G. H. French, A.M. Phila. | Lippincott & Co., pp. 402, ff. 93.
This is a neat work, in its get up; but rather disappointing in its contents. It should have been supposed that for the use of students, or as a text book, there should be some explanation of the basis of classifi- cation. There is nothing of this. The genera are not described at all except in the ‘Key’, in which the most superficial characters are used. The sub-families are but little more fully defined, and the families are in much the same position. The species are rather fully described, and the book obtains its value from being a compilation of descriptions of species, with figures enough to guide the user with considerable certainty to the insect he desires to name. An intelligent student can probably name all his species from the Eastern United States, but when through with his work would have no more idea of classification than could be gathered from. Harris or Packard. The work isa disappointment. The classifi- cation, putting the Papzlionde at the head, is perhaps not subject to criticism in a work of this kind; but some mention of the differences of opinion on this subject might have been profitably made.
The Sphingide of New England. By C. H. Fernald, A.M., Ofono, February, 1886. Sprague & Son, State Printers. 8°, pp. 85, pl. VI.
A handy little pamphlet giving a very complete account of the New England Sphinges in a concise, clear and accurate form. ‘The larvee, where known, are described and the food plants are given. There is a Synoptic Table covering genera and species. and then the genera and species are described in detail; the author relying upon his own ob- servation for the generic characters. It is a very practical little book, and one that will be of great help to the student that desires not only to get names for his insects but to the learn something of their structure. The work isa companion to the ‘Butterflies of Maine” and as in that work the pronounciation of the specific and generic names is given.
Society News.
Brooklyn Entomological Society. April 6th, 1886. — Hight members present, the President in the chair. Mr. Linell exhibited a living specimen of Zopherus mexicanus, remarking on the extreme tenacity of life exhibited by the specimen. He had tried to kill it in a variety of ways, and for the past eight days it had lived in a strong, freshly prepared cyanide bottle. Mr. Hulst made some further remarks on methods of obtaining eggs of Geometride, and Mr. Weeks explained some of his methods for raising larvee which fed on small, low plants. Mr. Hulst exhibited a portfolio of colored drawings of larve (princi- pally Bombycidz), and their food plants, made by Miss Emily L. Morton of Newburgh, N.Y., which were pronounced extremely natural and recognizable at a glance.
Entomological Society of Washington. April 1, 1886. Mr. Schwarz made some remarks on the synonymy and biology of various Scolytids. He exhibited a specimen of the work of Monarthrum mali in Red Oak and explained the nature of the main gallery made by the parent beetle and that of the branching galleries apparently made by the larve. He also spoke on the work of a large colony of Xyleborus pubescens which he found in the solid wood of Piitus.inops and exhib- ited the hitherto undescribed male of that species. Mr. Smith called attention to some features in the structure of the Saturniide’ The family as he proposes to limit it, has the following characters. Two branches to each joint of the an- tenne in the <j’; no tongue; retracted head; short palpi; plump body; hind legs short and weak; tibize without spurs; tarsi without spines; no frenulum; veins not more than 11, usually 10. The Altacine have the antenne pectinated to the tip in both sexes. Exceptin Telea and Actias the discal cell of both wings is open. He considers that Samia, Platysamia, Philosamia, and Callosamia are all congeneric, and explained the differences and agreements between them. In Hyperchiria io the antenne are as in Alfacus; but simple, or only serrate in the Q. In the Ceratocampine the pectinations never extend to the tip; the 9 has the antennz simple, except in Adelocephala bicolor in which they are pectinated as in the <j‘, except that there is only a single branch to each joint of the an- tenn. The discal cells are always closed, and the differences in venation of the species was pointed out.
TONS UCI. AMERICANA
VOL, Il. BROOKLYN, JUNE, 1886. NO. 8.
Notes on two larvae of the genus Catocala. By D. S. Kerticortt.
C. obscura. The larva of this species feeds on the leaves of the shag- bark Hickory, C. a/éa, and in habit agrees very closely with other de- scribed species of the genus; it is, apparently, a night-feeder, concealing itself by day at rest under the loosened bark of the tree upon the leaves of which it feeds at night. July 5, 1883, at Pulaski, N. Y., larvee were taken from beneath the bark of the hickory, and from these, two imagos were obtained. Two sizes were thus obtained on that day: one, evidently soon after its last larval moult, measured 1.6 in., width of head .17 in., of eighth and ninth rings .2 in.; the smaller ones were'1.1 in. long, they moulted July 19, when they were 1.5 in. long and precisely similar to the larger size when taken July sth.
The head is somewhat flattened, reticulated with coarse, uneven lines and a heavy black stripe extends along the lateral borders from the articulation of the mandibles half way to the apex of head lobes, In this character it closely resembles the larva of C. refecta which likewise feeds on the hickory, The antennz are long, slender and white.
The color of the skin is dark gray, much darker than in re/ecéa. The piliferous Spots which are arranged nearly atthe corners of a rectangle are large and light colored; these are larger than usual in rings five and twelve, otherwise there are no humps; there are no lateral fringes as in Ultroniz and Unyuga. The dorsal line is very obscure; there are on rings five, nine and ten, irregular black crosses; the stigmatal line distinct and black, The stigmata are of the usual shape, the long axis, how- ever, leans slightly forwards, rings black, white within. The ventral surface is pinkish with black spots in the abdominal rings except eight and nine. The color of smaller specimens yellowish gray. One larva
—A0—
then 2 in. in length spun the usual, light, very loose cocoon among the leaves July 20th; the imago appeared about August 15, The pupa was of the usual form and color covered with bloom; it measured 1.1 in. The anal hooklets unusually long.
C. habilis, The larvz of this species were in company with those of obscura mentioned above. Different sizes were taken; but slight changes in color or ornamentation was noted at the moults. This larva is quite different from any of the genus heretofore identified by me.
An average mature caterpillar measured 2 in. in length; slender, color dark, in some almost black, skin shining. Along the dorsum there is a broad stripe lighter than the general hue, on either side a darker one of equal width; the stigmatal stripes almost black; beneath pale whitish with black spots on the middle segments. Head reddish black with faint reticulations in white.
Pupated in the usual cocoon, the first to change July 18 gave a moth August 18.
A CORRECTION.
In Papilio, Vol. I, p. 141, I described the larval characters of C. retecta as those of C. flebilis, The mistake was made by comparing my moth with a rather diffuse specimen of reéectu in the Harvey collection of moths now in the Buf. Soc. of Nat. Sci. labeled ‘febitis”. As Mr. Grote had seen this collection I supposed it approved by him and correct. It was not and I correct my error by saying that what is said in the paper cited under C. flediis refers to C. relecta.
rrr 1+ EE
Mr. Geo. P. Welles, of Chicago, writes:—Has it ever occurred in your experience, that certain species were local within extremely narrow limits? I gathered B/ethisa quadricolus under one stone during eight or ten successive days, and never anywhere else. Also Omophron robust- um under one particular chip, and in no other place. I have taken 50 Toxotus Schaumi from a little bush year after year and never one two feet from there, except the first one I ever caught, which I took from the mouth of a big Asus which came flying towards me.”
These local occurrences are of extreme interest. Several such have occured in my experience, notably in Te/raopes can/eriator, for which I know two small localities on Long Island where I can get them year after year with absolute certainty; but though there is an abundance of their food plant all about, they never leave these small patches.
JoBas:
! 7. Notes upon various species of the Ennominae. By Geo. D. HUutst. .
Oxydia vesuliata Cr. This species has been taken in Southern Florida. The specimens differ in no respect from those received from Brazil. It is the largest Geometer of our fauna, expanding 75 mm.
Urapteryx politiaria Cr. To specimens of this taken in Florida, Mr. Grote gave the varietal name of foridafa. The Florida specimens seem to vary very little, and where a stretch of sea or a range of mount- ains intervenes slight differences may be of even specific value. But specimens of UY poltiaria from Brazil are taken in numbers, the exact counterparts of the Florida form.
Ripula virginaria Hulst. One of the most beautiful of Geometers, and the first of its genus in our country.
Eutrapela transversata Dra; “Eis species is very variable in the color and shape of its wings. It undoubtedly includes in its reach not only the many forms given names by Guenee and Walker, but as well the species Guenee called’ C. tncurvata and C. tetragonaia. The only individual difference in the latter is the cross striations at the base of the tail. The cross line is found in every variation.
In all collections that have come under my notice, the ochreous form is labelled var. gonzafa Guen. According to Dr. Packard. gonzafa is the fawn colored form, and isa synonym of /ransversata Dru. The variety name of the yellow form is ¢ransposi/ata Wk.
Specimens from the South are generally less angulated than those from the North, and are often of the variety zzcurvata Guen., having no angle on outer margin of fore wings.
Eutrapela clemataria Ab. & Sm. ‘There is considerable variation in this insect, especially in the female. One form, generally from the South, is lighter in color, with the apex of fore wings more pointed and very much extended. This is, I believe, the true £. ckmasaria Ab, & Sm. The darker form is var. ¢ransducensata W\k. ‘This species also varies . very much in the amount of undulations on the outer margins, Gener- ally very prominent, the undulation is sometimes hardly perceptible.
Tetracis truxaliata Guen. Differs much in the size of specimens, ranging from 30 to 60 mm,
Tetracis cervinaria Pack. ‘This is one species in my opinion with T. aurantiacaria Pack.. the former being the j, the latter the Q form. The sexes are much more distinct than is usual in this subfamily. The
_4oa
do was first described, and the name of the species becomes 7! cer- vinaria Pack.
Tetracis simpliciaria Grt. This is a lighter colored form of 7. paralleharia Pack., and may be retained as a variety name. For deter- mination of Z. paralleliaria Pack., see remarks under 7. mellitularia Hulst, Ento. Am., Vol. I, p. 202. For information concerning Dr. Packard’s type in the Museum of Comparative Zoology as well as for other favors, Iam indebted to Dr. H. A. Hagen of Harvard University.
Drepanodes olyzonaria Wik. According to Packard who saw Walker’s type and knew Grote’s species this is probably the species afterwards called D. varus by Grt. and Rob. Walker fairly well describes the species which is very variable and we think ourselves justified in using his name. The species includes D. sesguzlinearta G. and R., D. a@guosa G. and R., and D. juniperaria Pack., the first two being perhaps allow- able as varieties. It is difficult sometimes to separate this species from D. puberaria G. and R., and D. perizomaria.Hulst.
Sabulodes dositheata Guen. Mr. A. G, Butler in ‘‘Some Notes on some N.A. Lepidoptera” (Papilio, Vol. I, p. 220), gives from British Museum types and specimens. a synonomy of this species which we have been accustomed to know as Zééracis egrofata Guen.
The synonomy is as follows: Sabulodes dositheata Guen. a columbiata Guen. Tetracts egrotata Guen. Choerodes atropesaria Walk. - subclararia Walk. mf punctata Pack. MSS.
This is pretty good for an insect which varies less than is usual, though the Q is ordinarily larger and lighter colored than the j', and has the wings more angulated. The insect, (if the genus be a valid one), is the first of its genus in our fauna.
Caberodes confusaria Hub. I accord this species the palm for vari- ability. It has been given five different names by Guenee, and two more by Walker after recognizing Hiibner’s and all of Guenee’s. Its name was well chosen by Hiibner. I have specimens before me ranging from 32 to 62 mm. in expanse; ranging from bright yellow through light ochre to dark brown in ground color; ranging from wings evenly round- ed to wings strongly pointed, falcate and angulate. In variation of bands and border, color and wing shape it grazes on C. antidiscaria Wlk., and seems to intergrade with Lutrapela falcata Pack.
1G
LATE
p
Il, JUNE 1886.
VOL.
ICA AMERICANA,
ENTOMOLOG
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PLATE Iil.
Il, JUNE 1886.
VOL.
ENTOMOLOGICA AMERICANA,
Caberodes antidiscaria WIk. I have one specimen only of this, but have no doubt it is a good species.
Eugonia vidularia Grt, This is a synonym of TZe/racts grotearia Pack. It differs in no respect from the ordinary © form, though it is a trifle lighter in color than the type.
Eugonia magnaria Guen. ‘This species has for some years back been pretty universally looked upon as being a synonym of a European species. It ordinarily goes by the name /. a/niaria Linn., but as Mr. Moschler shows, 4. au/umnaria Wernb. is the species it most resembles, and of this he believes ita synonym, As yet I hold it to bea valid species. I have examined several specimens, and find the American differs structurally from the European. In the venation of the fore wings, both the European species have a subcostal and two accessory cells. The American has a subcostal, but no accessory cells. On this ground I retain Guenee’s name for our species.
Azelina hubnerata Guen. A close contestant with Caderodes con- Jusaria Hib. in variability, Ido not know how many tropical forms named by Guenee, Walker and others may be included under this spe- cies, but in the range of American material it includes A. stygtarta W1k., A. honestaria W\k., A. behrensata Pack., A. morrisonaria Hy, Edw. and perhaps 4. za/issaria Wik. It includes forms with wings angulated and unangulated, undulating on outer margins and without undulations, with median space very broad and with lines almost coalescing, with color varying through black, reddish, brown, and cinereous.
Azelina zalissaria Walk. ‘This seems to be very distinct from A. Aubnerata, but curiously enough, all the specimens I have seen have been females.
Azelina arizonaria Hy. Edw. Of this A. aldomacularia Hy. Edw, is a variety.
Endropia textrinaria Grt. ‘This seems to me to be a good species, though Mr, Grote, probably unintentionally, left it out of his last Check List 1882.
Endropia warneraria Harvey. As Mr. Grote has observed, this is the same as Z£. aficiarta Pack., and is the name of the species, as it anti- dates the latter. I have seen no specimen in the various collections of E. pilosaria Pack. From Dr. Packard’s description the only material difference is in the shape of the hind wings. But in view of the difference in this respect of the two sexes of 4’. warneraria, I am inclined to believe ‘E. pilosaria is not a distinct species The two species are at any rate very near to each other.
Endropia homuraria G. and R. Dr. Packard places this as a syno- nym of &. duaria Guen, But Mr. Grote, (Can, Ent. IX, 89 and Papilio II, 100), with considerable feeling and logic, protests against this dis- position of his species. Dr. Packard had Mr. Grote’s type, and _ his opinion, with such opportunity of comparison, ought to be final. Certain it is ifit be not Z. duaria, it is L. hypochraria H. Sch. The description seems to be of the reddish form of the latter. But Dr. Packard's opinion will have to govern us till we have more light. What has become of Mr. Grote’s type I do not know. It is not in the Central Park Collection where Mr. Grote thought it might be. 2. duarza Guen. differs very much in appearance, the wings being rectangular and very rounded in some male specimens, and very pointed, falcate and angulated in some females.
Endropia amenaria Guen, &£. arefacfaria G. and R. is a synonym of this species. If one take Mr. Grote’s description of his species, and compare it with a specimen of £. amenaria he will not doubt their identity. Dr. Packard had Mr. Grote’s type, and his description and figure in his Geometrid Moths are from this type specimen. I speak of this as Mr. Grote has in later years claimed that his species and that of Guenee were not identical, although he admits his may be a variety. In looking over Mr. Neumcegen’s collection, which in 1882 Mr. Grote studied, I find several specimens with label ‘‘2xdropia arefaciaria Gr.” in Mr. Grote’s handwriting. It may be Mr. Grote has identified this same form in other collections as his species. But this isnot Z. amanaria at all, but a slight variation from the type form of £. madusaria WIk., not sufficiently distinct however to deserve a varietal name
Endropia helveolaria Hulst. In Mr. Neumcegen’s collection I find 2 jd and 1Q of this species, each with label in Mr, Grote’s handwriting ‘“‘Lychnosea aulularia Gr. Type.” I cannot find the published descrip- tion of either the genus or the species. The specific name, if it were published at the time of Mr. Grote’s study of Mr. Neumcegen’s collec- tion (1882) would be a synonym. What the fate of the genus would be I cannot say, for the insect is likely not an Ludropia.
Ellopia fervidaria Hiibn. Dr. Packard includes under this species Ly. fiscellaria Guen,, £’. flagifaria Guen., and as well the form called by me £, sommiaria, I have before me of what'I esteem the true £. /ervid- aria 39 specimens, of LZ. fiscellarta 30, of £. sommaria 9. EE. flagitaria will not stand as a distinct species, but the other three seem to me not to intergrade, and to be good species. In Z. fiscellaria Guen., there is very great variation in the width of the cross lines. In one specimen from
Mr. Hill of Albany, N. Y., they coalesce, and in one possessed by Mr. Bruce of Brockport, N. Y. they coalesce and are broken at the middle of the wing, thus forming a loop on costa and inner edge.
Ellopia endropiaria G. and R. It is very probable that this is a synonym of £. pulfaria Guen. The angulation of the wings which Guenee speaks of, and which leads Dr. Packard to think Guenee’s species is not the same, is a matter of no specific importance. I have some spe- cimens with angulated, and others with rounded wings. The angulation of the wings, which seems to have been given generic, often subfamily value, is among our Lxnomine, not even specific in value. It is quite often a sexual mark, the females always having the wings more pointed, more falcate, and more angulated than the males. Often the same sex thus differs in the various specimens,
Ellopia pellucidaria G. and R. Dr. Packard places this as a synonym of £. seminudaria W\k., and had the idea they represented the differing forms of the sexes. £’, dibularia G. and R., is without doubt a synonym of £. semimudaria W\k. But with 13 specimens of £. ped/ucidaria G. and R., before me, and more of £. seminudaria Wik., I am of the opinion not only that E. pellucidaria G. and R. is a good species, but one of the most distinct of the genus. I have moreover both males and females of both species, so Dr. Packard’s idea that they represent the sexes only, is unfounded.
Metrocampa margaritata var. perlata Guen. While it is recognized that the American insect is not specifically distinct from the European, yet I see no reason why it should be called a synonym only. It certainly has differences which have been noted by various authors. These differ- ences are very constant. The American insect is a good variety.
Leucula lacteolaria Hulst. This is a species of another genus new to our fauna. It makes its appearance in Arizona, not in Florida, which very curiously in the Lepidoptera has closer affinities with the tropics, than any other portion of our country.
Antepione imitata Hy. Edw. This is without doubt as Mr. Edwards suggests, a variety of A. su/phurata Pack. I have not seen the type, but have intergrading specimens, ae
Rumia baltearia Hulst. This is, in my opinion, a variety only of XR. ochrearia Pack. Its appearance is however very different, as the outer part of the median space forms a broad dark brown band.
Numeria occiduaria Walk. This species is generally if not universally known in collections as N. pu/veraria Linn., and the most of Lepidopt- erists have judged them to be identical. In the imago state they can hardly be thought otherwise. But there seems to be a very marked difference in the larve. Dr. Packard gives a description of the larve of
= both the European and American species, but does not seem to notice how different they are. That the larve are entirely unlike each other is confirmed to me by Mr. Bruce of Brockport, N. Y., who has raised many specimens of the European species in England, and of ours here. I think as long as the matter stands this way, it is only fair to regard the Ameri- can as a good species.
Nematocampa limbaria Haw. This is the insect afterwards named NV. filimentaria by Guenee. But the insect was undoubtedly the one de- scribed by Haworth. As such it is figured in Wood’s Index Entomo- logicus, as it was regarded as a European as well as an American species. Both Guenee and Packard seemed to have a suspicion that Haworth’s name was the correct one for the insect. Mr. Grote’s JV. expunc/aria is a variety of this species, I have never met with the type form, but I have seen examples of WV. dmbaria corresponding in both the front and hind wings, but never in the same specimen,
Eurymene serinaria H. Sch. Dr. Packard thought this to be the same as Z. rosaria Grt. He does not seem to have known £. floscularia Grt. Herrich-Scheeffer’s figure, though undescribed, is very excellent, and is not Z. rosaria but EL. floscularia. EE. rosaria seems to me to bé a good species, though it differs from £. floscudaria only in a general softening of the colors, a very unreliable basis for specific distinction. But with the few specimens of each I have, the two do not seem to inter- grade.
Hyperetis amicaria H. Sch, This name, as has been remarked by Mr. Grote, antedates the name Z, myssaria of Guenee. ‘The latter as being the name of the form dark reddish brown on the outer third is a good variety.
The determinations given in the foregoing notes are without personal knowledge of the types of either Guenee or Walker. Dr. Packard, as well as Mr. Grote, have examined and commented upon those types, and in the majority of cases identified them.
Mr, A.G. Butler has also published some notes upon the British Museum types. Very few of the species in the Lnomine of Guenee and Walker remain to be identified. A hasty count gives 6 to Guenee, 9g to Walker. But these will not disturb the synonomy much, if these authors keep up their average of synonyms. Upon another hasty count of identi- fied species I find Guenee named 36, and Walker 44. Of those of Guenee 26 are synonyms, 10 are good. Of Walker’s 38 are synonyms, 6 are good. It is however only fair to say that some which are not good species are good varieties. But with the few species undetermined, there stands very little possibility of much disturbance of the synonomy.
itt + i
FOOD-PLANTS:-OF LEPIDOPTERA.
GNio:, 3:
Eacles Imperialis, Dru.)
By Wn. BrEuTENMULLER.
Tiliazcez, Tilia Americana, L. (Basswood.)
“ Europea, (European Linden.) ** alba, Michx. (White Linden. )
Anacardiacee. Khus glabra, L. (Smooth Sumac.)
Sapindacee.
Esculus hippocastania, L. (Com. Horse- chestnut. )
(Sugar Maple. )
dasycarpum, Chr. (White or Silver Maple. )
(Red or Swamp Maple. )
Acer saccharinum, Wang.
rubrum, L.
** pseudoplatanus, L. Negundo aceroides, Moench. (Box Elder. ) KGlreuteria paniculata, Laxm. (The panicle-flowered Kolreuteria. )
Leguminose. Gleditchia triacanthos, L. (Honey Locust. ) Rosacee.
Prunus Virginiana, L. (Choke Cherry. ) serotina, Ehr. (Wild Black Cherry.) Hamamelacee, {Liquidambar styraciflua, L. (Sweet
Gum.) Lauracee.
Sassafras officinale, Nees. (Sassafras. ) Lindera Benzoin, Meisn. (Spice-bush. ) Urticacee.
Ulmus fulva, Michx. (Slippery or Red
Elm.) ** Americana, L. (American or White Elm. (Whahoo or Winged Elm.) campestris, L, (English Field Elm.) suberosa, Moench, (Cork- barked Elm.)
‘¢ alata, Michx.
Kntomologica Americana, Vol U,
Juniper communis, L.
Platanacee. Platanus occidentalis, L. (American Plane or Sycancore. ) (Oriental Plane.)
ce orientalis, L.
Cupulifere.
(uercus alba, L. (White Oak.) ** — macrocarpa, Michx. (Bur Oak) «* coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak. )
See rubra, (ed Oak): ** palustris, Du Roi. (Swamp or Pin Oak.) * Cerris vulgaris. (Turkey Oak.)
Castania vesea, L. (Chestnut.) «© pumila, Michx. (Chinquapin. ) Fagus ferruginea, Ait. (Amer. Beech. ) ** sylvatica, L. (Wood or Common Beech. ) Ostrya Virginica, Willd. (Hop Horn- beam or Leverwood. )
Carpinus Americana, Michx. (Horn
beam Blue or Water Beech.)
Betulacee.
Betula alba, L. (White Birch. ) *« var. populifolia, Spach. Alnus incana, Willd. (Speckled or Hoary Alder.) “ serrulata, Ait. (Smooth Alder, )
Conifere.
Pinus strobus, L, (White Pine.) ** excelsa, Wallich. (Bhotan Pine.) Abies excelsa, Dec. (Norway Spruce Fu.) Y “var. pendula. Larix Americana, Michx. (American or Black Larch. ) Cupressus thyoides, L. (White Cedar. ) Taxodium distichum, Rich. (Amer. Bald Cypress.) (Common Juniper. ) ** Virginiana, L. (Red Cedar.)
8 June 1886,
Remarks on North American Scolytids. By E. A. Scowarz, Wasuincton, D.C. (Concluded from p. 42.)
Chramesus Chapuisii.
The two males I have seen are at once distinguished from those of icorie by the fringe of rather long, sparse and stiff bristles on the anten- nal scape. In the many males of zcorie which I examined the fringe is entirely wanting.
Rhopalopleurus pumilus.
This is mentioned in Mr. Henshaw’s Check List; but I do not know upon whose authority it is claimed as a North American insect. At any rate it must enter the genus Chramesus with which Rhopalopleurus is synonymous.
Cnesinus Strigicollis.
The two sexes may be distinguished as follows:
Male: Front shining, flattened between the eyes, anteriorly trans- versely depressed, the depression clothed with short grayish hair and with a flattened tubercle on each'side; antennal scape elongate, curved, sutures of club fringed with long and conspicuous: hairs.
Female: Front subopaque, sharply margined between the eyes, anterior impression deeper, clothed with very dense reddish-brown hair and without tubercles, antennal scape shorter, not curved, hairs of club shorter and very fine.
Bothrosternus,
This genus was introduced into our fauna in the second edition of the Classification by Drs. Leconte and Horn but the only North Ameri- can species has not yet been described. Only a few specimens are known in collections, and as the majority of them happen to be before me, the description of an isolated species may be excused.
B. Hubbardi n. sp. Oblong-ovate, reddish brown, shining, nearly glabrous above, antennz and legs reddish. Vertex finely punctulate, front smooth, longitu- dinally excavated, the excavation with a deeper median line and anteriorly witha tubercle on each side; beak extremely short, smooth, and with a median tubercle. An acute ridge runs each side above the insertion of the antennz to the middle of the eyes and is continued along the inner margin of the eyes by a series of stiff yellowish bristles which increase in length posteriorly. Thorax convex, a little wider than long, sides nearly straight from base to middle, thence very much rounded, hind angles rectangular, anterior angles very obtuse, surface densely strigoso—punctate, without smooth median line but with the punctures on the disk and middle of base not oblong and sparser, side margin indicated from base to beyond middle, flanks densely rugo- sely punctate. Scutellum hardly depressed. Elytra twice longer and at base distinctly wider than the thorax, punctate-striate, interstices flat, rather sparsely rugosely punctate, on the disk wider than the strize, narrowing on the declivity and each being furnished on the posterior half of the elytra with a row of semi-recumbent, short, yellowish bristles. Underside with sparse, short pubescence, front cox still mor2
Sea
wn
widely separated than in Cnesinus, ante-coxal ridges acute, metasternum rather coarsely punctate, abdominal segments convex, moderately strongly punctate, Anter- ior legs very little stouter than the posterior ones; front tibize with an acute tooth at apical third and with the outer apical angle prolonged into a broad process which is longer than the first tarsal joint and which terminates in two acute, recurved teeth,
Length 2.5 mm.
Described from six specimens in which I fail to observe any sexual characters. Three specimens were collected by Mr. H. G. Hubbard, to whom the species is dedicated, at St. Lucie in Southern Florida on April 26th. From his diary I infer that they were beaten from Hickory trees. The three other specimens are from the collection of Mr. Henry Ulke and are also from Florida.
Four South American species of Bothrosternus have been described which are known to me only from the descriptions, 3. Hubsardi seems to come nearest to 4-wnca/us Eichh., but differs in the form and _ sculpt- ure of the thorax. In our own fauna the species cannot well be con- founded with any other Scolytid.
Hylesinus fraxini.
This is said (Eichh., Europ, Borkenk., p. 136), to occur in Califor- nia; but I have never seen North American specimens answering the de- scription of this European species.
Hylesinus trifolii Mueller,
is omitted from Henshaw's List and ought to be inserted after opfaculus. (see Dr. Riley in Report of the Commissioner of Agricult,, 1878, p.248), According to Chapuis’s and Eichhoff’s mode of classification “7zfoli’ be- longs to the second division of ///as/es in which the third tarsal joint is bilobed and the elytra separately rounded at base. This division is identical with Leconte’s genus Ay/urgops of his group ylasies, which is distinguished by him from the typical Ay/urgz by the relative length of the abdominal segments and the not-depressed scutellum. Both characters hold true so far as the genus //y/as/es is concerned but are of little practical value for distinguishing the genus Ay/urgops. Suill, I think that /2/oli7 ought to be placed in the genus Ay/esinus on account of the structure of the antennal club. In this genus the first joint of the club is but little larger than the following, and always pubescent; where- as in Hylastes and Hylurgops it is nearly as large as the rest of the club always glabrous. This is the only species in our fauna of the tribe Aylurgit which is known to infest an horbaccous plant.
Phlceosinus punctatus.
The sexual characters will -help to distinguish this from the other North American species:
Male: Front excavated. excavation smooth at middle and anteriorly with a small tubercle. Tubercles on the elytral declivity more prominent.
Female: Front not excavated, but with a narrow median carina not reaching the vertex. Tubercles on the elytral declivity smaller.
These sexual characters are nearly the same as in the European P. thuje.
Phlceosinus serratus.
Can this be the male of den/afus? ‘The specific differences given by Dr. Leconte are about the same as those between the two sexes of the European Ph. Auber. Both forms, that with alternately elevated elytral interstices (serra/us) and that with equal interstices (denfatus) have the same food plant (Juniper), were beaten by Mr. Ulke and myself from the same trees, and have the same geographical distribution. Still, ab- solute proof of their identity is wanting, but the question can be easily settled by anyone who has the opportunity of finding colonies of the beetle still in their larval galleries. Both forms are widely distributed, occurring from Maine to Florida and from Dakota to Texas and Arizona, and I can see no reason why Ph. Haag? Eichh., (Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1868) should not be synonymous with @/afus, and Ph. graniger Chap, (Syn. d. Scol., p. 247) with serradus,
Dendroctonus.
I have lately examined, in company with Mr. Ulke, a large series of specimens in our collections, and we found that our species could be sharply separated and all difficulties in their determination removed if D. rufipennis, punctatus and simplex were considered to form a single species, variable in size and sculpture of head and thorax. The variation in size between these three forms is not greater than that exhibited in D. terebrans and the same sculptural differences may also be observed in the latter species. However, nothing definite can be said before the life- history of the different forms has been studied.
Crypturgus atomus seems to be identical with the European C. pusi//us Gylih. (see Eichhoft, Europ. Borkenk., p. 166).
Hylurgops pinifex is synonymous with the European A/ylasfes glabratus Zett.
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AE SE EA SP TN ESE
We regret to record the death of Mr. Fredk. W. Klages of Pittsbugh, Pa., who died of pneumonia on the 27th day of March 1886 in the 27th year of hisage. Mr. Klages was an enhusiastic collector, and though a mechanic, with little time to spare, yet gathered a considerable collection. He collected in Kentucky, Florida and Ja- maica as well as in the vicinity of Pittsburgh.
Entomology can ill afford to lose a young man so enthusiastic as Mr, Klages in his chosen study. :
On the variation and constancy of the elytral markings in Chrysomela, Doryphora and allied genera.
By C. H. T. TownseEnp.
] have seen some discussion lately concerning the elytral variations of Chrysomela scalaris Lec., aroused by Mr. Angell’s interesting notes on the species in a previous number of this journal. I had not intended writing anything on this subject until next season, after having had an opportunity to examine as large a number of specimens as possible dur- ing the summer, but perhaps a few genera] remarks at the present time on this and one or two allied genera will not be out of place.
Some interesting notes on a sudden abundance of sca/aris have lately been contributed by Dr. Hagen (Can. Entom., vol. XVI, p. 120 and 225—-6), and some other important observations by Mr. Caulfield (Can. Entom., vol. XVI, p. 226—7 and XVII, p. 230). I have never known this species to be abundant in this locality; nearly every season | have taken a few specimens, but no more. I shall find out, whether the species is variable or constant here next season, but allow me to give it ° as my opinion that ifit does not appear in large numbers it will be variable. Mr, Angell, as above referred to, says of sca/aris: ‘‘Hundreds collected at Cambridge last summer show scarcely any variation, while specimens from New Jersey, Cape Cod and principally Canada are de- cidedly inconstant and variable.” ‘This bears out my observations pre- cisely, At Cambridge the species had increased in large numbers and was very constant, while the specimens from other parts of the country, where they had not increased to any extent but were only normally abundant, were very inconstant and variable. ‘This is the point which | wish to bring out. When the species'is over-plentiful it seems to be constant, but normally presents many variations. Mr. Caulfield’s ob- servations seem to bear me out likewise; from his notes it appears that scalaris is abundant at times in the neighborhood of Montreal, and very constant. Packard states (Bull. U.S. Ent. Com., No. 7, p. 126—7) that in the Summer of 1881 it was very abundant at Brunswick, Maine, on the linden, From specimens taken in July and August he has drawn up descriptions, from which it will readily be seen that the form was ex- tremely constant, and very near the sca/aris type.
A more familiar case to many of us is Doryphora ro-lineata Say, which has become a pest from its abundance, and seems to hold its own as the years roll on. As is well known it shows no variation, but is very constant; it certainly does not vary here (this strip of the country is in- cluded in its original line of most direct spread), and no variations have been noticed to my knowledge in any part of the territory overrun since it began to increase, Specimens taken by me in Lawrence, Kansas, in
eee
1874 (twelve years ago), show no differences when compared with recent specimens from this locality, except perhaps that the species has grown slightly more robust. Yet it undoubtedly varied in its normal state in the West, before it began to increase and take to the potato. The in— teresting particulars of its yearly eastward spread since 1859 are given by
Packard in his Report on the Rocky Mountain locust and other injurious insects of the West (Rep. of Geol. & Geog. Survey for 1875, p. 722-6). Say gives its original habitat as the Upper Missouri, and mentions a white variety with two of the lines united, supposed to be juncfa Germ.., which he took on the Arkansas. This latter form, which differs from ro-lineata in the larva state as well as in the imago and is now considered a distinct species, is found in the more southern States and according to Packard originally represented the latter on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountain Plateau. It is one of the old-time variations of zo-/ineata. Glover has mentioned and figured a form (U.S. Agr. Rep. for 1869, p. 123) which he says ‘‘is an apparent cross between the two (zo-/ineat/a and junc/a), or a variety once found in the South, in which the heavy, thick black line of the jwnc/a has a very fine yellowish line running partly threugh it longitudinally”. \
_ T have a specimen from Missouri (near St. Louis, taken June 29th, 1884), which has a well marked furplish line running partly through the heavy black one longitudinally, and with the elytra purplish next the suture and around the edges; otherwise as in junc/a, of which these last two are variations. Another form, defecfa Stal, is recognized as a variety of zo-finea/a, but is a more modern variation than juncfa. These. three forms are represented in Mexico, Costa Rica and parts of western South America by zz-ineata Stal, from which zo-dimea/a probably originated, and subsequently gave origin to junucfa and defecta. ‘This interesting representative of the ancestral form of the ‘‘Colorado potato-beetle” has recently been recorded within our territorial limits.
Eight specimens of cizzco/is Kirby taken here at different times show a series of four finely marked forms: five of the normal form; one in which the normal posterior marking of each elytron, formed by two linear markings meeting at an acute angle forward, is represented bya three-sided blotch; and two very striking variations, in one of which the two anterior markings of each elytron are united in one broad black band across both elytra, while in the other the same broad band is present but with the posterior three-sided blotch also. These are two very interesting variations, especially as this is quite constant compared with many others.
As another example in another genus of the family, I would mention Lina (formerly Plagiodera) scripia Fab. This species, which I have taken
in abundance in Louisiana, was at that time very constant, every spe- cimen (of forty-three collected) being marked exactly the same, the normal form being represented (see Psyche, vol. IV, p. 222). But Prof. Riley has described and figured many variations of it from the West, which were doubtless taken when the species was in its normal state of abundance. Eight specimens of /afponica Linn, taken here (where I have never known it to be abundant) show a series of five well marked variations.
The cause of the constancy of a form when it becomes very numer- ous in individuals is at first somewhat hard to see. We would naturally suppose that under such circumstances it would be very inconstant, as sexual selection would seem to have played no part, but all the indivi- duals would naturally have had to pair to produce such abundance. But here is just where we overlook the part which sexual selection has played —and it certainly is the cause to which this constancy is to be attributed. The form of a species which first begins to multiply rapidly and thus gets ahead of its kindred forms (it is likely to be the typical form, as that is the most numerous in individuals), is the one that will win. And it will be constant because sexual selection preserves the s/andard of beauty in a race which standard is determined by the majority. Now the large majority in a species that has begun to increase is the typical form, and from this we see that if a species happens to multiply unduly (we know not from what cause) and thus gets a start, it will perpetuate its type and remain constant, while its kindred variations will be pushed to the wall in the struggle for existence. Some influence seems to guard the pro- pagation of a form while it is in a state of abundance, so that only the form itself is produced and no variations occur. The image of the favor- ed form, so predominant and numerous, seems to be deeply fixed in the being of the parent-beetle to produce this form. But as long as the species is in its accustomed state, variations are very frequently produced; and moreover they find room for themselves and increase. At all events these are the facts; I have given the explanation as I see it.
In conclusion, if C. sca/aris Lec. is shown, as it no doubt will be, to graduate by variations into the form of philadelphica Linn., it will have to be considered a variety of the latter; though other forms, as nearly related as these two, but not having connecting variations, must neces- sarily be regarded as distinct species. In other words sca/aris is not a perfected species yet, but will be in time. How long a time may be told by entomologists some centuries hence, when its connecting varia- tions have passed away or: developed into new species.
————$—$—$—$<— +
Ga
Synopses of Cerambycidae. By Cuas. W. Lene, B.S. (Continued from p. 32.)
CALLICHROMINI 2c TRACHYDERINI.
These two tribes are for convenience considered together. ‘They in- clude all the Longicorns with a triangular scutellum, more or less acute, and varying considerably in size. The species belong almost entirely to the warmer parts of the country. The arrangement of genera is as follows:
Hrontcoxalicavitiesiclosed behind); ... ae emeterta ach ee 20 eine eyalanet Callichroma. Front coxal cavities open;
Mandibles acute or simple at tip: Pronotum broadly lobed at base; poriferous system of antennz very distinct;
Metasternal pores absent, side pieces very wide................. Megaderus. Metasternaljpores'distinct. . . .... .\saiaee «st «slot a pee ec tee teen eee auiiome Pronotum not lobed, sometimes subsinuate at base, poriferous system often ob- solete, and palpi in some genera scarcely impressed.......... .... sone Mandibles emarginate at tip.... . SONS 5: | DOS eMnCIG On os aocano Shona auesac one eB eErothoraxsstroneiimsarmed on Sides ciety ee Dendrobias. ProthoraxammiformlygcOuVveX... .« - « ivaeeeemeeeiere, ub icles telotel svelte Lissonotus. 3 Front large, square, perpendicular, abruptly separated from the ante-ocular space; SProstennumevertcalibehind........ < sac seeeetaelelelcooe eels lelcieieler siti Stenaspis. Prosternum arcuate at tip. Elytra distinctly margined at the sides#jso...2.. <...05 --.- ses Crioprosopus.
Elytra not or obtusely margined; Prothorax armed with a lateral spine; mesosternum not protuberant;
Bodyspubbescentercsi:). 3. ies eerste breech aetoter roc nies Tragidion. Body: glabrous, (elytra costate,/aammeee a. poke sete sh: Purpuricenus. Body glabrous, <{' without antennal tubercles................ Metaleptus. Prothoraxsrounded, cCONVeX. . ./.. 2. alent enero ieicie = cele .... Aithecerus.
front moderate, short, declivous, not abruptly defined each side; Two ivory vittee on each elytron; prothorax margined at apex;
Mesosternum)declivous: 4)... See ee ee eee Mannophorus. One ivory vitta on each elytron; prothorax not margined at apex.
Mesosternumsprotuberant,) .. . ./..--)/eelemiete see elie a> © esol Entomosterna. K:lytra without ivory vittes, mesosternum declivous;
Body pubescent; prothorax not margined at apex...... ....:...... Amannus.
Body ipilose;sprothorax margined at amextrmileens cles isill re cee eee Batyle.
4 Elytra without ivory vitte; Prothorax with an acute lateral spine;
Eyes not divided; pubescence fine,.........-- 0.20002 cece eee eee Oxoplus. Eyes divided; pubescence, coarse: Jasper ei). 4 te <i. ell eee Schizax. Prothorax rounded on sides, with dorsal callosities..........-..... ... Tylosis. Prothorax rounded on sides, or feebly spinose, without dorsal callosities, pube- scence long and partly errect..... bid, nad ot Seebeck Jeode arose: Crossidius. Prothorax narrowed in front, mesosternum convex..............Sphzenothecus.
Each elytron with two ivory vittee, prothorax narrowed in front;
6"
Mesosternum declivous, body robust........... MRE Norte busin . Perarthrus. Mesosternum protuberant, body slender...............-+...05+ Ischnocnemis. The structural characters are so described by above schedule that they will not be rehearsed in the specific descriptions. The student is referred to the ‘‘Classification” for further characters. CALLICHROMA | at. The prothorax is very rugose and armed with a strong lateral spine and the scutellum is moderate in size. SYNOPSIS OF CALLICHROMA.
Thighs orange; Elytra and parts beneath except abdomen and legs metallic green, tinged with a
QD PERV ANUE Sy potele ee See tc oh 1's) «/«: 2 (ol temp elo] ener, ol ot, S splendidum. Meétallicoreentonly © 22.1... . «cee Be RES) Shes pe ioreya plicatum. Front and middle thighs black, elytra blue......... .......+.... ...cobaltinum., mhiphs black, elytra:velvety black... 2... aimless «=< . melancholicum.
C. splendidum Lec. J.A.P., ser. 2, II, 1850, p. 37; Dej. Cat., 3d ed. p. 349; elegans Hald. Trans. Am. Phil., X, 1847, p. 31. Length 1.25 to 1.50 in. = 28 to 4o mm. Hab. Southern States. (Pl. , fig. 4.)
The coppery hue which is always distinct on the thorax, sometimes is spread entirely over the elytra and this form is traditionally known as VUeSCENS .
C. plicatum Lec. Proc. Ac. Phil, VI, 1853, p. 233. Length 1 to 1.5 in. = 25 to40mm. Hab, Texas.
C. cobaltinum Lec. S.M.C., No. 264, 1873, p. 195. Length 1 to1.5 in. = 25 to36mm. Hab. Lower California.
The transverse rugze of the prothorax are not so coarse as in the two preceding species and the anterior transverse constriction is more regular and stronger.
C. melancholicum Bates. Trans. Ent. Soc., London, 1872, p. 186; Chev. Mss. Length 1.25 inch. = 30 mm. Hab. Mexican Boundary. All velvety black, except the legs and antenne, which are shining.
MEGADERUS Serv.
M, bifasciatus Dup. Mag. Zool. 1836, Cl. IX, p. 5, t. 141, f. 2; Lec. J.A.P., ser. 2, II, 1852, p. 176; Dej. Cat., 3d ed., p. 344; corallifer Newn., Mag. Nat. Hist. ser, 2, IV, p. 195; Hald. Stansb. Expl. App. t.9, f. 15. Length 1 in, = 25 mm. Hab. Texas, Ariz,
Black, tibize and elytra partly rufous, but very variable in the arrange- ment of the color, The thorax is very roughly punctured and_ the scu- tellum large and acutely triangular. (Pl. , fig. 5.)
5
DENDROBIAS Serv.
D. mandibularis Serv. Ann, Ent. Soc. Fr., 1834, ser. 1, Il, p. 42; Dup. Mag. Zool. 1836, IX, p. 23, pl. 151, f. 1, 3 4-maculatus Klug, Dej. Cat., 3d ed. P- 345; Dup. l.c., p. 22, pl. 151, f. 2; basalis Dup. J.c., 1840, XIII, p.6, pl. 33; testaceus Dup, l.c., IX, p. 24, pl. 152, f. 1; Lac. Gen. Col., 1869, IX, p. 201, note 1; sartorius Héppner, Dej. Cat., 3d ed., p. 345. Length .80 to 1.20 in. = 20 to 30 mm. Hab, Cal., Tex., Ariz., New Mex. and Mex.
Entomologica Americana, Vol TI, 9 June 1886.
—§=—
For the above synonymy I am indebted to Mr. Samuel Henshaw. Piceous, variously variegated with dark yellow. Elytra black with four large yellow spots. The thorax is rugose and armed with a sharp lateral a and and the scutellum nearly as large as in Megaderus (Pl. ,
fig. 6.) LISSONOTUS Dalm.
L. multifasciatus Dup. Mag. Zool. 1836, Cl. IX, p. 10, t. 143, f. 3. Length 75 in. =17mm. Hab. Arizona, Cal.
Black, elytra variously banded with yellow. Thorax is smooth and scutellum again large. (PI. , fig. 7.)
STENASPIS Serv.
Contains two species easily separated by their color. The thorax is obsoletely rugose with tubercles at sides and finely punctured and the scutellum moderate in size but acutely triangular.
S) verticalis (Serv. ‘Ann. Fr.,°18549p..52; Dup. lcs) pS 7an bck ae Dejeani Hoeppner, Dej. Cat., 3d ed., p. 346; superba Newn. Ent. Mag. V, p. 493. Length 1.25 in. = 30mm. Hab. Texas, Ariz.
The thorax and beneath yellowish rufous except abdomen, knees, tarsi, and three spots on prothorax black; antennz yellow and_ black: elytra purplish blue, shining. (PI. , fig. 8.)
S; solitariay pay. jixA-P., Ill, rs2gtepeqro: Wec AJP sser. 2. lems oO: p. 9; Proc. Ac. Phil., VI, p. 441; Col. Kans. p. 30, t. 2, f. 14 QO; Gicdan Tie ae
=
Dewaetass: Leagth i-5in,—40mm,. Hab; Texas, Ark, Kan.) Goll, iNeMexe and Arizona. Uniform bluish black, slightly shining. CRIOPROSOPUS Serv. Contains three species with coarsely punctured thorax and moderate but acutely triangular scutellum.,
SYNOPSIS OF CRIOPROSOPUS.
Prothorax blacking pyr sevcsei sie ut ys +++ + se ee eae oe eerste setecs ies eae splendens. Prothorax: orange, spotted: with black. 21). paememieets mie se yee ee magnificus. Prothorax black, sideswithvorange border smpierteie cto oci) ei eee ei archer lateralis.
C. splendens Lec. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., VI, p. 441; Arcan. Nat. 1850, p. 127, t. 12, f. 9; rimosus Buq { Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 142; Mag. Zool., 1841, t. 66. Length 1.37 in. = 35 mm. Hab. Texas.
The elytra are remarkable for the very deep re angular confluent rugosities and the beautiful shining green color. The legs are more or less yellow and otherwise the insect is black. (PI. , fig. g.)
C. magnificus Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. V, 1875, p. 173. Length 1.5 in. = 38mm. Hab, Arizona.
Bright orange, mouth, antennzx, knees, tibia and tarsi black, head, prothorax and abdomen spotted with black and elytra black with two broad orange bands connected by narrow marginal line of same color.
C. lateralis Lec. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XII, 1884, p. 23. Length .44 in. = 11mm. Hab. Texas. Black, clothed above and beneath with fine, erect, ashy pubescence.
Beneath finely, above deeply and coarsely punctured, Sides of prothorax with broad orange border. Elytra with narrow side margin and_ broad transverse fascia orange. ‘This is the smallest Trachyderide known.
(To be continued, )
—
Explanation of Plates II and III.
The figuring is consecutive, and the numbers are scattered over both plates. Figs. 24 to 26 represent forms not obtainable when the genus was treated of. Starred figures we owe to Dr. Horn.
1 Elytroleptus floridanus. 16* Oxoplus corallinus.
2 Holopleura marginata. 17* Schizax senex.
3 Rosalia funebris. 18 Tylosis maculata.
4 Callichroma splendidum. 19 Crossidius discoideus.
5 Megaderus bifasciatus. 20 as intermedius.
6 Dendrobias mandibularis. 21 Spheenothecus suturalis.
7 Lissonotus multifasciatus. 22 Ischnocnemis bivittatus.
8 Stenaspis solitaria. 23 Entomosterna cyanicollis. g Crioprosopus splendens. 24* Nothorhina aspera. 10 Tragidion coquus. 25* Hypexilis pallidus.
11 Purpuricenus humeralis. 26 Hammaticherus castaneus. 12* Metaleptus Batesi. (after the biol. Cent. Am.) 13, Aethecerus Wilsoni. 27 Callimus ruficollis.
14 Mannophorus leetus. 28 Rhopalophora longipes.
15 Batyle ignicollis.
0A
Notes and News. Flight of Water Beetles.
A few days since while passing a small pond, I stopped to notice the swarms of Gyrzmus on the surface and shortly after was struck by the appearance of certain small black insects flying in the air. A few mo- ments of close observation proved my suspicion, that the flying insects were Gyrinus, to be correct, and I was able by careful watching for a little while to observe the process entire. The insects after swimming about on the surface for a time, or sometimes almost immediately after coming to surface, would proceed to crawl up on the stones at the bank or upon partially submerged sticks, grass ete. After climbing up a few inches from the surface of the water, (I saw some as high as ten or twelve inches) they would remain quiet for a while, apparently waiting to be- come perfectly dry, then suddenly extend the wings and fly, taking to flight so quickly that I was unable to catch sight of the wings till they were in the air. Frequently they would fail to get well into the air, per- haps caught by a sudden gust, and capsize upon the surface, in which
ye
cases they folded their wings as quickly as possible and dove out of sight; whether any of these capsized ones made a second effort I could not determine. When they made a good flight they rose rapidly to a height of forty or fifty feet, then flew away with the wind and would be very quickly lost to sight. The species is one rather common in this locality, Gyrinus anals.
I also saw several individuals of Mdrophilus glaber on stones and sticks several inches above the surface of the water but did not see any of them take to flight.
It was a warm spring day, and about half past four when I first noticed the beetles. I watched them till nearly sundown, but they were not nearly so plenty the latter part of the time, partly perhaps on account of the change in temperature, possibly partly on account of my taking advantage of their terrestrial habit to secure a number of specimens.
Ames, Iowa. HERBERT OSBORN.
* *
We have received a circular referring toa Summer Course in Ento- mology and General Invertebrate Zoology at the Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. Prof. J. H. Comstock is in charge of this Department, and the course will comprise lectures, laboratory practice and field work. It will begin Monday, June 21st, and continue 10 weeks. The fee to others than college graduates or undergraduates taking regular courses at the University, will be $25. This is an excellent way of spending a summer vacation—it enables an Entomologist to follow his hobby, and at the same time initiates him into methods of study that will prove ad-
vantageous to him in the further pursuit of his favorite science. —
Book Notices.
Dinapate Wrightii and its larva. By George H. Horn, M.D. Trans. Am, Ent. Soc. XIII, pp. 1—4 and PI. I.
That a Bostrychid, nearly two inches in length, sho. 1d remain so long undiscovered is passing strange; but this is what Dr. Horn presents to us in the above paper. It is from the Mojave desert, Calif., which if the rest of its fauna is as peculiar as this species must be an Entomo- logical paradise.
Society News.
Brooklyn Entomological Society. May 4th, 1886. — Twenty members present, the President in the chair. Dr. 8. W. Williston of New Haven, Conn., was elected a member of the Society. My. Leng was appointed a committee to arrange for the annual excursion of the Society on May 31st.
Mr. Smith read a paper on ‘Ants’ nests and their inhabitants”, giving a popular account of myrmecophilous insects and their habits. Dr. Williston supplemented the acount with further notes on the Diptera found in ants nests either in the larval or mature stage, and remarked on some curious resembiances of certain Diptera to ants.
Mr. Weeks read a brief paper on some parasitic Hymenoptera and Diptera, merely mentioning the facts of their occurrence. Dr. Williston added a few remarks on the life habits of some Tachinids.
{y70! UG Ice * AMERIGANA
VOL, I, BROOKLYN, JULY, 1886. NO. 4.
Record of some Contributions to the Literature of North American Beetles, published in 1885.
By Samuet HeEnsuHaw,
In Part II the first number refers to the author-list in Part I.
A few articles either accidentally omitted from or received too late for insertion in the previous Record (Ent. Amer. v, I, p. 41.) are included now. A few papers of general interest although not especially relating to American beetles are also included.
In the papers recorded sixteen (16) new genera and two-hundred and fifty (250) new species are described by nine (9) authors.
a eae oe ale Angell, G. W. J. synoptic table of related species; 1 Notes on Chrysomela scalaris Lec. doubis the occurence in N. Ameri- Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 126-128, ca of Lathridius filiformis Gyll. figures, Berge, A. Bell; J. T- 5 Enumération des Cétonides décrits 2 List of Staphylinidae taken at Belle-| depuis la publication du catalogue de ville, Ont. : MM. Gemminger et de Harold. Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 49-59. Ann. Ent. Soc. Belg. 1884, v. 28, p. Sixty-six named species. 113-163. 3 (Xyloryctes satyrus in Ontario. Bergroth, E. Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 58. 6 Vega-Coleoptera und Hemiptera. Belon, Marie-Joseph. Ent. Nachrichten 1885, v. 11, p. 4 Note sur quelques espéces du genre 268-270. Cartodere Thoms, List with localities of the species C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28, mentioned and described by Sahl- p- Cxci-cxciii. berg in his reports upon the Vega Describes (. intermedia n. sp., collections.
60
Bisshopp, E. F.
7 The Death-watch, (Xestobium tessela- tum. )
Ent. 1884, v. 17, p. 237-238. Blanchard, F.
8 On the species of Canthon and Pha- naeus of the United States with notes on other genera.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12, p- 163-172. 9 Cryptobium flavicorne Lec. Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 180. Distinet from C. pallipes. Bonhoure, Alph. 10 Note sur le Platypsylla castoris Rit- sema et sa capture en France. Ann, Soc. Ent. France, 1884, ser. 6. Vv. 4, p- 147-154, plate 6. Branden, C. Van den 11 Catalogue des Coléoptéres Carnass- iers aquatiques (Haliplidae, Amphi- zoidae, Pelobiidae et Dytiscidae.) Ann. Soc, Ent, Belg. 1885, v. 29, p. 1-118. Bruner, Lawrence 12 Notes from Nebraska. Rept. Com. Agric. for 1884-85, p. 398-403. Brief notes on Plagiodera scripta and Doryphora 10-lineata.
Casey, T. L. 13 New genera and species of Californi- an Coleoptera. Bull. Cal. Acad. Sciences, 1885. v.1. p. 283-336. 1 plate. P Caulfield, F. B. 14 Trapping Coleoptera. Ca. Ent, 1885, v. 17, p. 229-230. Principally Silphidae. 15 Notes on Chrysomela scalaris Lec. Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 230. Clarkson, F. 16 The dung pellet-makers. Rept. Ent. Soc, Ont. for 1884-85, Pp- 40. Reprint from Ca, Ent. 1884, v, 16.
p. 18-19; see Ent. Amer. v. 1, p.
42, No. 14.
17 The elm leaf beetle (Galeruca xan- thomelaena Schrank. ) Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont. for 1884-85, p. 40-41. Reprint from Ca. Ent. 1884, v. 16. p- 124-125; see Ent. Amer. v. 1, p. 42, No. 16. 18 Seaside captures (about New York.) Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 106-108. 19 Elaphidion villosum Fabr. Can, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 188-190.
Claypole, E. W. 20 Entomology by the electric lamp. Ca, Ent. 1888, v. 17, p. 117-119. Record of insects attracted the electric lamps.
to
Dimmock. Anna K. 21 The insects of Betula in N. America. Fsyche 1885, v. 4. p. 239-243; 271- 286. Thirty-one species of beetles are mentioned.
Dimmock, George
22 Xyloryctes satyrus and Strategus an- taeus. Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 39. Distribution.
Dohrn, C, A.
23 Classification of the Coleoptera of North America. Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1884, v. 45. p. 32- 37; 113-125. Critical view of the Classification of Leconte and Horn.
24 Revision der Amerikanischen Cucu- jidae Nordlich von Mexico, Thomas L. Casey.
Stett. Ent- Zeit. 1884, v. 45, p. 4o1- 404. Review.
von
25 Neuere publicationen iiber nord- amerikanische Kifer, von Dr. Geo. H. Horn.
Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1884, v. 45, p. 444- 447- Review and extracts from Notes on Anomala and Notowus.
Doll, J. 26 Note on Dynastes. Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 120- 121. Found near tips of branches of Mt. Ash in Col. (=Ariz.)
Donckies de Donceel, H.
27 List des Brenthides décrits postér- ieurement au catalogue de M. M. Gemminger and von Harold.
C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28, p- ceciii-cex.
28 Liste des Anthribides decrits post- érrieurement au catalogue de M. M. Gemminger and yon Harold.
C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28, Pp. CCXiv—CCXxXxXiil.
Donovan, C. Jr. 29 Dytiscus marginalis found in salt water. Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 22, p. 13. Duges, Eug. 30 Metamorphoses de la Leptinotarsa undecimlineata Stal. Ann. Soc, Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28, p. 1-6, plate I in part. 31 Metamorphoses du Tropisternus la- teralis Fabricius. Ann. Soc. Ent, Belg. 1884, v. 28, p. 7-12. plate 1 in part. 32 Metamorphoses du Mallodon angus- tatum Thoms. Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28, p. 12-18. plate 2.
Forbes, S. A.
33 Fourteenth Report of the State En- tomologist on the noxious and bene- ficial Insects of the State of Illinois.
Springfield, Illinois, 1885. Short notes on Hippodamia macu- lata and other Coccinellids, Paria aterrima, Scelodonta nebulosus, 8. pubescens, Crepidodera helexines and Saperda tridentata. Index to the first twelve Illinois Reports.
Fowler, W. W. 34 Note on Hypothenemus West.
eruditus
Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 21, p. 256- 257. 35 Water beetles guided to water by sight and not by other senses. Ent. 1883, v. 16 p. 286. 36 The genus Cercyon. Ent. 1884, v. 17, p. 54-59. Relates to British species but sev- eral found in the United States are
mentioned. 37 The ‘‘Death-watch” and its sound.
(Xestobium tesselatum.) Ent. 1884, v. 17, p. 188-190. French, G. H. 38 Larva of Chrysomela clivicollis Kby. Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 19. Description; food-plant.
Frost, J. 39 Water-beetles and light reflected by glass. Ent. 1883, v. 15, p. 286. Fuchs, C. 40 (Collecting in California. ) Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 125. Godman, F. Ducane & Osbert Salvin. 41 Biologia Centrali-Americana. London. Parts 35-43 Jan. 1885—Dec.1885 contain portions of the Staphylini- de and Bruchidae by Sharp, Ma- lacodermata by Gorham, Longi- cornica by Bates, Phytophaga by Baly and Jacoby and Tenebrioni- dae by Champion. Hagen, H. A, 42 (Distribution of Xyloryctes satyrus etc.) Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 58-60.
Hamilton, John 43 Hibernation of Coleoptera. Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 35-38. 44 Short notes on Coleoptera, Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 45-48. 45 Remarks on some species of Coleop- tera with supplementary descriptions Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 103-106. 46 Entomology at Brigantine Beach, N. J. in September. Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 201-206,
J 6g
Hanham, A. W. 47 Entomological Notes. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont. for 1884-85 p. 41-42. Reprint from Ca, Ent. v. 16, p 98-99. See Ent. Amer. v. 1, p. 44. No, 55.
Harrington, W. Hague. 48 (Distribution of Xyloryctes satyrus. )
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 58.
49 Are Cuculio larvae lignivorous? Ent. Amer, 1885, v. I, p. 18-19. Answered in the affirmative. Henshaw, S. 50 List of the Coleoptera of America,| north of Mexico. Phil. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885 ,8vo. p.161 51 (Distribution of Xyloryctes satyrus. )
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 40.
52 Determinations of the 36 Coleoptera described by D. Ziegler.
Ca. Puts 1885; v.27. p. 131-132.
53 Record of some contributions to the literature of North American beetles published in 1883-84.
Ent. Amer.1885, v.1, p. 41-48; 73-77
54 Coleoptera of America.
Science 1885, v. 6, p- 454.
Number of species in recent lists. Horn, G. H.
55 Notes on some Staphylinidae.
Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1885, v.-7, p- 121-
122.
Relates to the forms of Edaphus; Trogophloeus laticollis belongs to Haploderus.
56 A note on some Hydrophilidae.
Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 137-139. Hydrophilus and Tropisternus dis- tinet; separation of the species of Hydrophilus; records Tropisternus apicipalpis and Berosus Salvinii from North America.
57 Synonymical Notes.
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I. p. 5-9- Newman’s species. 58 A note on Scotocryptus. Ent. Amer. 1885, v. 1, p. 51-52. 59 Synonymical Notes. No. 2.
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. 1, p. 88-90. The species described by Beauvois 60 Synonymical Notes. No. 3. Ent. Amer, 1885, v. 1, p. 108-113. T he species described by Casey. 61 (Notes on some Cerambycidae. ) Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 130-133. Notes and descriptions of the spe- cies of Komaleum, Aneflus and Eustroma contributed to Leng’s Synopsis of the Cerambycidae. 62 A study of some genera of Elater- idae.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12, A Senay of the species of Cryptobium of North America.
Trans. Am. Ent, Soc, 1885, v. 12,
p. 86-106. 2 plates.
63
64 Studies among the Meloidae. Trans. Am, Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12, p- 107-116. 65 Descriptions of North American Scarabaeidae. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12, p. 117-128. 66 Contributions to the Coleopterology
of the United States. No. 4. Trans. Am, Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12, p. 128-162. Descriptions of some new Ceramby- cidae with notes. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. 12, 173-197. Synopsis of the Throscidae of the United States. Trans, Am. Ent. Soc, 1885, v. 12. p. 198-208. (Note on the Classification of the Staphylinidae. Science 1885, v. 5, No. 101, p. V, Proc. (Tarsal modifications in Silphidae and Cerambycidae.) Science 1885, v. 5, No. 114, p. V. Proc. 71 (Note on Dinapate Wrightii n. g. et. n, Sp.) Science 1885, v. 5, No. 148, p. — Proc.
67
68
69
70
—bg—
Hubbard, H. G.
72 Notes on the habits of Hypotrichia spissipes Lec., with description of the females.
Psyche 1885, v. 4, p. 215-217, fig. Kerremans, Charles
73 Enumération des Buprestides dé- crits posterieurement au Catalogue de MM. Gemminger and de Harold.
Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1885, v. 29, p- 119-157.
Kilman, A. H.
74 The punctured clover leaf weevil (Phytonomus punctatus.)
Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont. for 1884-85, Pp: 32. Reprint from Ca. Ent. v. 16, p. 144-145; See Ent. Amer. v. 1, p. 45, No. 87. Knaus, Warren. 75 Are Curculio larvae lignivorous? Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1885, v..7, p. 150. Answered in the affirmative.
76 Additions to the Catalogue of Kan-
sas Coleoptera for 1883 and 1884. Trans. Kans. Acad, Sci. 1885, v. 9, p- 57-61.
List of 160 species. 77 On some salt marsh Coleoptera. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 1885, v. 9, p. 64-65. A few species of Cicindela and
p. ¢xcili-cevi.
81 (Synonymical Notes on Eumolpides) Ann, Ent. Soc. France 1884, ser. 6, v. 4, p. xlv—xlli; Ixxv—Ixxvi.
Leng, C. W.
82 Synopses of Coleoptera (Cerambyci-
dae.) Bull. Bkl. E. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 117- 11g; Ent. Amer. 1885, v.1,p. 28-35; 130-136, plates 1-3. 83 (Water-beetles.) Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 39. Observed beneath ice. 84 (Abnormal Monilema. ) Ent. Amer. 1885, v. 1, p. 136.
Lintner, J. A.
85 Second report onthe injurious and other insects of the State of N. Y. Albany 1885, pp. xiv-265.
Amphicerus bicaudatus, Lema tri- lineatus, Tribolium ferrugineum, Brachytarsus variegatus and Ara- migus Fulleri are discussed and Sigured; figures and brief notes of a few others are given.
Lucas, H.
86 Note sur le Gibbium scotias. Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1884, ser. 6, v. 4, p. Ixxvii-txxviii, Bull.
87 Sur la larve du Gibbium scotias. Ann, Soc. Ent. France 1884, ser. 6, Vv. 4, p. Cxxiv—cxxv. Bull.
one of Rhyssemus are mentioned. |Marsh, C. D.
_ Lameere, Aug.
78 Longicornes capturés aux Etats-
unis par le Dr. E. Fromont. C.R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1884, v. 28, P, CCCXXii. Mentions a few species. Leconte, J. L.
79 Short studies of North American Coleoptera No. 2.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1885, v. p. I-32. Lefevre, Ed.
80 Descriptions de quatre generes nouve aux et de plusieurs espéces nouvelles de Coleoptera de la famile des Eumolpides,
C. R. Ent. Soc. Belg. 1884, v. 209,
12,
88 Swarming of a dung beetle, Apho- dius inquinatus, Am. Nat. 1885, v. 19, p. 716. Matthews, A. 89 On a new genus allied to Corylophus Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 22, p. 160- 161. Mc Donald, G. L. 90 Peculiar mistake of Dytiscus margi- nalis. Ent. 1883. v. 16, p. 263-264. Glass mistaken for water. Moffat, J. Alston. 91 (Capture of Chrysomela pnirsa. : Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 40. Olliff, A. Sidney. 92 On the Coleopterous genus Holopa-
—70—
ramecus Curtis. Ent, 1883, v. 16 p, 1-4. Describes H. singularis Beck.
Packard, A. S.
93 Second report on the causes of the destruction of the evergreen and other forest trees in Northern New England and New York.
Rept. Com, Agric. for 1884, 1885, P+ 374-383. Monohammus confusor, Glyco- bius speciosus and Saerda cal- carata are mentioned.
Ricksecker, L. E.
94 (Biological Notes.)
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. 1, p. 96-08. Habits and habitats of several species.
Riley, C. V.
95 The imported elm leaf beetle. ts habits and natural history and means of counteracting its injuries.
Bull. No, 6, U.S. Dept. Agric. Div.
Ent. 1885, pp. 18, figs. and 1 plate.
96 Water beetles destroying Carp.
Bull. U.S. Fish Com. 1885, v. 5, p.
311.
Species of Dytiscus or Cybister?
97 Parasites of the larva of Lachnoster- na fusca.
Psyche 1885, v. 4, p. 224.
98 Report of the Entomologist.
Rept. Com. Agric. for 1884, 1885,
p. 285-418, 10 plates,
The following species are discuss- ed viz: Epicaerus imbricatus, Phyl- lotreta vittata, P. Zimmermani, P. albionica, Doryphora 10-lineata, Plagiodera scripta, Mallodon me- lanopus, Trichobaris trinotatus, Anomadla varians, Sphenophorus robustus, S. sculptilis, Euphoria Kernii, Pristoscelis ater, Caland- ra oryzae and Aramigus Fulleri. Remedial measures. Figures.
99 On the hitherto unknown mode of
Rroc, As Ay A SCletoosmavetsosiiDe 538-539. See Ent. Amer. v.1, p. 47, No. 129. Sahlberg, John.
100 Bidrag till Tschuktsch-halféns in- sekt fauna, Coleoptera och Hemip- tera insamlade under Vega-expedi- tionen vid halféns norra och éstra kust 1878-1879.
Vega-expedionens vetenskapliga iak- ttagelser 1885, Bd. 4, p. 1-42.
101 Coleoptera och Hemiptera, insam- lade af Vega-expeditionens medle- mar 4 Berings sunds amerikanska- kust uti omgifningarma af Port Clarence, vid Grantley Harbour och sj6n Iman-ruk den 23-26 Juli 1879.
Vega-expeditionens _ vetenskapliga iakttagelser 1885, Bd. 4, p. 43-58.
102 Coleoptera och Hemiptera insamla- deaf Vega-expeditionens medlemar pa Bering-on den 15-18 Augusti 1879
Vega-expeditionens vetenskapliga
iakttagelser 1885, Bd. 4, p. 59-71. Mentions a few species found in the United States.
Schwarz, E. A.
103 (Note on montane beetles. ) Science 1885, v. 5, No. 120, p. V, Proc. 104 (Mandibular appendages of Epicae- rus imbricatus.) Science 1885, v.5, No. 120, p. V.- Proc.
Seher, Thaddeus.
105 (Distribution and habitat of Rhopa- lopus sanguinicollis.) Ent. Amer. 1885, v. 1, p. 156.
Sharp, D.
106 Note on the genus Plagithmysus
Motsch. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1885, v. 20,
p. Ixxiv—Ixxvi. Not seen. 107 Note on Hydrobius fuscipes. Ent. Mo. Mag. 1884, v. 21, p. 84-85
oviposition in the Carabidae (Ab-/Smith, J. B.
stract.)
108 Dynastes again.
oh
Bull. Bkl. EB. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 151. Hell’s Canon in Ariz. not Col.; distribution of D. Granti.
109 (Lycus Fernandezi found in Tex.)
Bull. Bkl, E. S. 1885, v. 7, p. 125.
110 Species, varieties and races.
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p- 3-9. Describes the variations several species of Cicindela.
111 Water beetles.
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 16. Favorable places and seasons of the year for collecting; net.
112 An abnormal Lucanus cervus,
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 27.
113 Stylopidae.
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 38.
114 (Color of Coptocycla aurichalcea. )
Ent. Amer. 1885, v. I, p. 78.
115 Some new species of Hispini.
Ent. Amer, 1885, v. I, p. 94-95.
Snow, F. H.
116 Lists of Lepidoptera and Coleop- tera collected in New Mexico by the Kansas University scientific expedi- tion of 1883 and 1884.
Trans. Kans, Acad. Sci, 1885, v. 9,
p. 65-69.
Mentions about 150 species, some are not fully identified.
Townsend, C. H. T. 117 A list of Coleoptera collected in
among
|—
Ca, Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 66-73. About 110 species are mentioned. 118 On the distribution of the genera of Carabidae along a river system. Ca. Ent. 1885; v. 17, p. 170-171. 119 Notes on Acmaeodera pulchella Hbst. Ca. Ent. 1885, v. 17, p. 231-232. Variation and food plants. 120 Notes on some Coleoptera taken in South Louisiana. ~ Psyche 1885, v. 4, p. 219-222. Walker, J. J., and W. W. Fowler. 121 Coleoptera in salt water. Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 22, p. 45. Websdale, G. R. 122 The Death watch and its sound.
Ent. 1884, v. 17, p. 236-237.
Xeslobiwm tesselatumis mentioned. Wenzel, H. W. 123 Note on Sandalus.
Ent. Amer, 1885, v. 1, p. 107. Habitat.
Wood, Theodore. 124 Hydradephaga in salt water. Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 22, p. 44-45 125 Experiments with Bruchus infested Beans.
Ent. Mo. Mag. 1885, v. 22, p. 114. Germinating qualities not affected; reproductive capabilities of adult plants injured; plants free from
Louisiana on or south of parallel 30°.
attacks of Aphis rumicis.
(To be continued..)
Among the tools of trade which a Coleopterist ought to carry into the woods with him, is a pipe and some vile tobacco. By puffing smoke into the crevices of bark, into cracks, crevices, cavities in trees and other places where insects hide, the inhabitants may be easily dislodged. I have seen a dozen beetles run out of the crevices on top of a stump, after I had supposed I had taken everything to be found there.
The species of Chadcophora as‘a rule feed on evergreens. Among the American species C. campestris Say has been taken by Mr. Schwarz and myself on sycamore, which they attack when the tree is entirely dead and dry, and this is the only species thus far known that feeds in deciduous trees. It is likely that C. Fudleri, which resembles campestris very strongly in form, will be found to have similar habits. [-Bes:
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Notes and News.
Grosvenor Liprary, Buffalo, N. Y., 5-21-86.
Dear Sir: I take pleasure in informing you that at a recent meeting of
Buffalo Entomologists, held for the purpose of making arrangements for
the entertainment of the Entomological Club of the A.A.A.S., it was de-
cided to tender: the Club a reception on the occasion of their coming
meeting here in August next; and also an excursion to some point of in- terest near the city.
We hope there will be a good attendance at these meetings; and shall do everything in our power to make them successful and enjoyable.
Sincerely yours, E. P. Van Duzer, Secretary. Joun B. Smitu, Secretary Entomological Club, A. A. A, S,
It is hoped that the attendance of Entomologists will be large, and that they will come well provided to add to the interest of the meet- ings. It is desirable that those who expect to attend and who will have papers to read, send in the titles, and the time they expect to occupy to Prof. J. A. Lintner, Albany, N.Y., Prof, C. V. Riley, Washington, D. C. or Mr. John B. Smith, National Museum, Washington, D.C. In the next number we shall hope to publish further particulars. as well as a programme for the first meeting. ‘ J-Bse
—_— sr oo —____—_ Book Notices.
Dr. H. A. Hagen’s Monograph of the Embidina is one of the most important memoirs that has appeared in the Canadian Entomologist for several years.
It fills somewhat over fifty pages, was commenced in the August (1885) number and concluded in the number for November.
Seventeen species are recognized, four being described as new, one of these (Oligotoma Hubbardi) taken at Enterprise, Fla., by Mr. H. G. Hubbard is the only species recorded from the United States. Species of Embidina are so rare that few American entomologists have seen them; the concluding part of Dr. Hagen’s memoir however giving the family characters, notes on systematic position, habits, distribution &c., is of special value and interest to all students,
Dr. Hagen with his unrivalled knowledge and material owes science the elaboration of the American species of Neuroptera and we hope this paper may be taken as an assurance that the work will not be left to less skilled hands.
On the American species of the genus Utetheisa, Huelner. By H. B. Morscuier, Kronfoerstchen bei Bautzen.
Mr. Stretch in his valuable work “Illustrations of Zygznide and Bombycidz of North America” describes three species of Uésheisa, viz: bella Linn., speciosa Walker, and ornafrix Linn. Besides this he men- tions a fourth species or variety, and he gives beautiful figures of all. The author is doubtful whether these formsare specifically distinct, or merely varieties of one species.
It seems indeed difficult to decide this question, for the preparatory stages of ded/a alone are known. But even if known, the larve might dif- fer in size and color without proving the distinctness of the imago, for the larva of a species often varies under the influence of food and climate,
I shall attempt to clear the subject as far as possible at present, and detail the descriptions: Linne described two species, ée//a and ornairix, placing them in the Noctuide. Cramer also describes and figures them, but he mistook de//a, and mixed two species under this name, that form being figured as de//a, which Walker afterwards described as sfeczosa. Cramer says, Vol. II, p. 20, ‘‘Le fond des ailes superieures des males est pour lordinaire d’une jaune obscure ou orange, tandisque les femelles comme celle nous representons ici, ont ce fond rouge. On le trouve dans l’amerique meridionale, a la New York, et dans I’ Isle Jamaique.” This description proves that Cramer saw only males of the yellow Jed/a and females of the red speczosa. It seems also that later authors, Hiib- ner, Herrich-Schaeffer, Walker and Stretch, have not compared Cramer's description and figures of de//a otherwise they would not have cited pl. 109, f. C, D, as dela L. . It is most strange that Walker has not cleared up this matter, for he describes the form figured by Cramer as a new species under the name sfeczosa, and yet cites the figure with de//a L.
If we compare only a few specimens of these two species, and of or- nairix there seems to be considerable difference between them; but with a great number of specimens for comparison there are specimens grading from one into the other. My friend Dr. Staudinger was kind enough to send me all the specimens of his rich collection for comparison, and these with my own collection gave 35 examples for comparison, viz: 10 dedla, 22 speciosu, and 20 ornatrix from various parts of North and South America and the West Indies.
I compare della from the United States, and from Cuba, speciosa from. Cuba, St. Domingo and Jamaica W. I., and ornafrixv from Panama, St. Croix, and St. Kitts, W. I., Surinam, Columbia and Peru.
If we carefully compare the three species we will observe certain peculiarities of maculation common to all, viz: primaries having four black dots at the costa, extended to rows of dots in de//a and sfectosa; a
Entomologica Americana, Vol TU. 11 July 1886.
subterminal row of black dots, a sinrilar series at the outer margin, and two black spots near the tip of the wing. Beneath, the primaries are deep red with three black spots at the costa, sometimes appearing as broken bands, an interrupted black subterminal band crosses the wing, and there is a row of black dots at the outer margin. Secondaries with a nar- row or wide black outer margin, widest at the apex where it incloses a white or pale red spot, and having usually an inward dilation of this black margin beyond the middle. Palpi, head, thorax, and abdomen white, the former with black spots, the abdomen unspotted above, be- neath with two rows of black dots. Prothorax and pategia with a yellow or red spot on each side. The differences between these species are that della has yellow primaries with six transverse bands, each containing a series of black dots, while sfeczosa is vermillion, the bands as in Jéedla, The secondaries of these two species are pink. Ormairix has pale flesh colored primaries, the costa narrowly and interruptedly vermillion, the pale spaces with black costal dots, and there are also usually two black dots beyond the middle of the wing: these are, however sometimes want- ing. The subterminal row of dots is in an obsolete white band, and be- tween that and the series of dots at the outer margin, is a narrow broken band of vermilion. Beneath, the primaries are as in de//a and sfeczosa. Secondaries white, the black outer margin generally very wide. Beneath the costa is pink.
It does not seem to be doubtful that here are three specifically distinct forms, should the differences be constant; but as already men- tioned, there are specimens which prove that these species merge one into the other. These I shall describe as far as I can compare them,
All specimens from the United States which I saw were true Jded/a, but a specimen from Cuba varies toward sfecosa in that the primaries show rosy hue. ‘The second example from Cuba is most interesting for it at once merges sfeczosa and ornairix. The primaries are white with a rosy hue; the first and fourth bands only are perfect and run to the inner margin, the second and third only as costal spots, and all are yellow with a slight reddish hue, as is the stripe near the outer margin.
Secondaries partly rosy, partly white, the latter color near the hind margin. ‘This specimen approaches Stretch’s fig. 17 of pl. II, but the spots of the primaries are yellow, not red, and the secondaries have the black outer margin more narrow, and the rosy hue more extensive.
The examples of speczosa from the West Indies vary considerably: some have vermillion primaries and sharply limited white bands, while others have white primaries with small and obsolete red bands, and sometimes the bands are broken into spots.
With regard to orna/rix, all examples from the mainland are true to type, and vary very little, —specimens from Peru only showing a more
——/ >
dusky tint. But the exampics from the West Indies seem to run more or less into speciosa. ‘There are specimens from St. Croix and St, Kitts, different only from the South American ornaérix by the beginning of red longitudinal stripes on the primaries, while others show these stripes wider and broader, until the red color is extended by degrees over the whole wing.
The most striking specimen, from St. Croix, has quite red primaiies, the base is white, three sharply defined white bands run from costa to middle of wing, the subterminal white band is distinct, all the bands contain black spots, and there are also a few white, rounded spots; one opposite the first band, near the inner margin; one opposite the second band in the middle of the wing, and 2 smaller spots, enclosing black dots between the third ands.t. band. Secondaries white, with black outer margin as in ormairix. ‘There is no doubt that these examples are transitions from orna/rix to speciosa. It is a fact well known to Entomo- logists, that the insular climate influences the size and color of some in- sects; and this seems to take place with these species to a considerable degree. ella seems to be the Northern form which flies from the At- lantic States to Texas, where it is replaced by ornafrix, the Southern form, and this reaches into South America, and also appears in the West Indies But it is variable in the small Islands, and fluctuates more or less between the mainland form, sand the insular sfeczosa.
Speciosa is the insular form and remains constant in the largest Islands, becoming variable in the smaller ones, and there it sometimes merges into ée//a, Among the specimens of sfeczosa in Dr. Staudinger’s collection, there are two labeled ‘‘Bogota”. They are collected by Baron von Nolken, and it seems doubtful whether this labelling is cor- rect, because neither Dr. Staudinger nor myself ever got speciosa from South America, Mr. Nolken on his way to Bogota also collected in Jamaica, and it is possible that these two specimens. were caught in this Island and not in South America, and that the labelling was done by mistake. |
Finally I shall attempt to rectify the synonomy of this species, for Linne described ornafrix before de//a, and the former name must be ac- cepted for the species and de//a must be applied as one of its varieties.
U. ornatrix Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 837 (1767); Fab.; Drury; Hb.; Westwood; Wik., List 567; Stretch, Illustr., p. 56, Pl. II, fig. 18.
Habitat: Texas, Mexico, West Indies, South America.
Var. bella Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 885 (1767); Fab.; Dru.; Westwood; Morris;
Harris; Packard; Grote; Cramer, Vol. II, p. 20, (in part); Wlk., List, p. 568;
Stretch, Illustr., p, 56, Pl. ll, fig. 15. Habitat: N. Amer,, Canada to Texas, Cuba, W. Ind. (merging into specios«). Var. speciosa Wlk., List, p. 568 (1854); Clem., Syn. Lep. North Am., app. p. 314 (1862); Stretch, Illustr., p. 57, Pl. Il, fig. 16; bella Cram., Vol. III, p. 20 (in part), Pl. 109, figs. C.D. (1779); Hb. Verz., p. 168 (1816).
Notes on Hylesinus aculeatus and Phloeosinus dentatus.
By WarrEN Knaus, Salina, Kansas.
The Scolyfde are but sparsely represented in the culeopterous fauna of Kansas. This scarcity is accounted for in great part by the absence of forests over the greater part of the State; the natural home of these Coleoptera being beneath the bark of shrubs and trees, where a large part of the imaginal, and the whole of the larval life is passed.
Of the seven or eight species of this family in this State, as given in the various Reports of the Kansas Academy of Science, but three have come under my personal observation, and but one (P. den/fa/us) has actually been observed at work.
The burrows of a Scody/id in an ash post, which I supposed was the work of the ‘‘Ash Bark Borer”, came under my observation about one year ago, The work however, was not recent and no specimens were obtained. Specimens of the sculpture were retained, but efforts to find more recent work were not successful until about the middle of July, 1885, when I secured well preserved specimens, though dead, of an in- sect, from ash posts, near Stockton,. Rooks County, and Edmond, Norten County. These specimens proved on identification to be Hiylesinus aculeatus Say. No growing trees were found which had been attacked, and those only were selected that were already in a decaying condition,
The burrows of this insect were almost facsimiles in every particular, consisting of a larger central channel from 25 to 100 mm. in length and 1 mm, in width, made by the female, the young larve eating its way outward from this channel, the larval channels constantly enlarging during the larval life, and sinking a little deeper in the wood as the pupa state is reached. These larval channels are from 5 to 45 mm. in length and from $ to 1 mm. in width. The central channel is usually slightly sinuous, being governed to some extent by the surface of the wood and the number of beetles at work, they never coming in contact. At about midway of the central channel there is in every instance a change of direction, —a curve, sometimes hardly perceptible, at other times and usually, very marked. The lateral larval channels extend outward at right angles from the central channel, and are about one third the length of the former, that varying from one to three inches in length.
In November 1885, live specimens of this insect were taken from ash trees in the western part of Davis County. The bark of these trees had apparently been abraded about a month previous, and_ had been at once attacked by Aylesinus aculeatns. Large numbers of these had
eaten their way from } to 1 inch under the bark from point of entrance and had gone into winter quarters.
Probably the most destructive bark borer known in this State is the Phileosinus dentatus Say. Its attacks, so far as observed,—are confined to the evergreens,—junipers and arbor vite.
This insect was first noticed in Salina the summer and fall of 1884, attacking the junipers on the grounds of a number of the residents of the city. They were then in great numbers, many trees having been entirely destroyed, and others badly injured. The damage was done entirely by the perfect beetle, no larvae having been observed. The injury was al- most invariably confined to the base of the lateral offshoots of the branch- es of the tree, the beetle burrowing under the bark, and eating around the base of the twig, causing its destruction. Every twig from the trunk outward would be attacked, and a few burrows were also observed on the stems or trunks of the trees themselves. No primary gallery of the per- fect insect has been found to exceed three-quarters of an inch in length. I have found no secondary or larval galleries.
Packard, in his ‘‘Insects Injurious to Forest and Shade Trees’’ says he has observed this insect as early as the 1st of May. I have never ob- served it making attacks earlier than the 1st of September, continuing until the latter part of October.
The attacks of this insect are made on healthy trees, and I have seen no less than fifteen cedars entirely killed in the Public Square of Clay Center, Kansas, that would average six inches in diameter at the base. This Scolyfd is not a native, but has been introduced in cedar posts brought to the lumber yards from Michigan and Arkansas. I have examined posts from Arkansas which contained the perfect beetle, (but dead), larvee,and pupz. When these pupz had completed their trans- formations, cedars in close proximity to the lumber yard were at once liable to attack.
The primary gallery of this insect as examined in Arkansas cedars is short and straight, being from 18 to 25 mm. in length, and 3 mm. in width, The gallery widens at one end into a trilobed chamber twice as wide as the main gallery, The number of lateral or secondary galleries on each side varies from 15 to 60. These secondary galleries are from z to I mm. in width, and those arising near the ends of the main gallery are about 45 mm, in length; those arising near the middle are about one half as long.
The burrows are about one half in the wood and one half in the bark. The secondary galleries rarely cross each other, and when they do, it is owing to some inequality in the surface of the wood, or the close proximity of the burrows.
This bark borer is not without its enemies. I found fully one half the pups cases examined, contained nothing but the remains ofa para- site that had destroyed the pupa, and had itself failed to escape. The perfect fly was also seen passing over the surface of the bark, seeking a favorable point to make an attack on her victim. Specimens of this fly were sent to Mr. L. O. Howard, Assistant U.S. Entomologist, who pro- nounced it a Chalcid fly belonging to the genus Sfaéhius.
FOOD-PLANTS OF LEPIDOPTERA. Jo. 4. (Datana ministra, Dru.) By Wn, BruTENMULLER.
Tiliacee. Oicrcus palace eing (Reena) Tilia Americana, L. (Basswood.) ea ESOS tas Oe al) aye pedunculata, Willd. (English << heterophylla, Vent. (White Bass- Oak.) wood.) a6 3 ae a liflor al. S 4 «¢ Europaea, L. (European Linden.) aan pce a ae “© alba, Waldst & Kit. (White Lin-~ Lo Rees ¥ dene) Castania vesca, Gaert. (European Rosacez, Chestnut.) Prunus cerasus, Juss. (Common Gar- &e ‘© vy. Americana, De Cand den Cherry.) (American Chestnut. ) Pyrus malus, Tourn. (Common Apple) «© pumila, Mil. (Chinquapin.) Cydonia vulgaris, Pers. ( ‘* Quince.) Fagus ferruginea, Ait. (Red Beech.) Juglandacee. *« sylvatica, L. (European Wood Juglans cinerea, L. (Butternut.) Beech. ) « nigra, L, (Black Walnut. ) “ “ yar, purpurea, Ait. (Purple Carya alba. Nutt. (Shell Bark Hickory) Beech. ) << microcarpa, Nutt. (Small Fruit- & «« « cuprea, Lodd. (Copper ed Hickory.) Beech.) «* sulcata, Nutt. (Western Shell & «© «© Jaciniata, Lodd. (Cut Bark Hickory.) leaved Beech.) “ amara, Nutt. (Bitter Nut Hick- Corylus Americana, Walt. (American : F : é oy) Hazel.) ‘«« porcina, Nutt. (Pig-nut Hickory) “* avellana, L. (European Hazel. ) Cupulifere. Carpinus Americana, Michx. (Horn Quercus alba, L. (White Oak.) bea «¢ gbtusiloba, Michx. (Obtuse- Bei leaved Oak.) Cree hae «* — macrocarpa, Michx. (Mossy- Betula alba, L. (White Birch. ) cup Oak.) «yar. populifolia, Spach. (Am. P P Pp «© coccinea, Wang. (Scarlet Oak.) White Birch, )
«¢ yubra, L. (Red Oak). ** papyracea, Ait. (Paper Birch.)
Scent-Organs in some Bombycid Moths. By Joun B. Smiru.
At intervals during the past year or two, isolated observations have been made of peculiar filamentary processes protruding from the abdomen of the male of some of our common bombycids, ZLeucarctia acrea and Scepsis fulvicollis being the observed species. Not long since, I describ- ed a peculiar abdominal character in the male of Cosmosoma omphale; and the recent capture and examination of specimens of Leucarcha acrea has enabled me to add something to the knowledge of the structure in that species. Between the seventh and eighth ventral segments is a narrow opening, entirely invisible in the dried insects, but readily discern- ed on a slight pressure of the abdomen in the fresh specimen. This open- ing extends back about an eighth of aninch, and, on being carefully pried open, shows two closely folded tufts of fine blackish hair. Pressure upon the abdomen will generally force out these tufts, and, if rightly applied, will result in the extension of two orange tentacle like struct- ures, fully halfan inch in Jength, united at the base, and spreading backward and outwardly in a gentle curve. The tufts of hair diminish as the tentacles are extended, the individual hairs occupying small but distinct papillze on the sides, until, when fully extended, they are evenly distributed around them, and no trace of the brush-like tuft remains. If the pressure be removed, the tentacles contract, the hairs again form- ing a tuft,
Specimens of Pyrrharcha tsabella. when closely examin- ed, showed a similiar abdomi- nal structure; but here there were four tufts extended in- stead uf two, and in color they were snow-white. Properly ap- plied pressure resulted in the inflation, first, of two basal
sacs, which, when fully dila- ted, could be compared to nothing better than the ends of
1. Leucarctia acraea. 2. Pyrrhaitia isabella. ¢wo thumbs pointing in oppo- site directions, the hairs of two of the tufts arranged rather densely on the convex outer surface. From the middle of the lower edge of these sacs there extended two tentacles similar to those in acr@a, but not so
long; and instead of being evenly clothed with hair, in this species the
—o=
lower portion only has the papillae and hairy surface. The sacs and tentacles here are whitish, instead of orange, as in acrea. The processes of the latter species have a most remarkable resemblance . to the tentacles of the larva of Papilio asferias, both in color and in shape. In both species an intense odor, somewhat like the smell of laudanum, is apparent when first the tentacles are exposed; and there is no reason- able doubt but that they are odor-glands, though exactly what purpose they serve is not so clear. In closely allied species no trace of this struct- ure has been detected. Several fresh specimens of several species of Arctia, Spilosoma virginica, and Hyphaniria textor showed no trace of it; and no dry specimens of any other species thus far examined have a similar structure,
Some years ago Mr. Morrison observed and described the structure in acrea and mentions having found similar structures in Agrofs plecta and Luplexia lucipara. ‘This I have not been able to verify. Prof. Riley has described similar structures in A/e/a xylina, and probably a consider- able number of other species will be found to have them.
Notes on Geotrypes Opacus, ald. By ALFRED W. JONES, Salina, Kans.
I do not know as to the relative rarity of this species, but from the fact of always finding a ready exchange for it, I suppose it is not very common,
I have almost always taken it, where I have found no other scaveng_rs at work, except Aphodius, and a few Staphylinus perhaps, and I have al- ways taken it either very early in spring or late in the fall.
Generally I have taken it on low bottom land, or on sand bars in the river, where cattle are wont to drink: here I have taken most of the specimens, and I have taken them at the very water’s edge where they had burrowed down into sand that was saturated with water. But I never found more than three or four in one place until last November, when in company with Mr. Warren Knaus, I drove to Manhattan and back from Salina, On our trip going down I saw a specimen crawling along in the road, and stopping to get it, I observed some fresh manure which yielded several specimens. Thinking we had procured all of them, we drove on, but returning about a week later we stopped to examine the very same place, and though at first it appeared as if it were a useless search, Mr. Knaus said that he saw several burrows going down into the sand and meant to find out what was there. He dug down nearly a foot with no success before he threw out one, and then ina few minutes we had eleven specimens in the Cyanide bottle.
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Synopses of Cerambycidae. By Cuas. W. Lene, B.S. (Continued from p. 63.) TRAGIDION, Serv. Contains three species in which the prothorax is moderately punc- tured and the scutellum small, broad y triangular, almost rounded. The thorax and elytra are conspicuously pubescent concealing the punctures.
SYNOPSIS OF TRAGIDION. Elytra sulcate.
anditarst wider: antennce annulate: ..... . /qaeeieeios uasac ema: annulatum. ond tarsinarrower, antennse blacks. « ...... gee etalon) ck elehelone c coquus. Bivitraneven, NOt SuICAtC lab. </=)\s cla <icie = /-!~) <1) ~\ «| SEMEN PS IAL-Y slot shol ol aie taiSicicl- armatum.
T. annulatum Lec. Proc. Acad: Phil. 1858, p. 83. eneth .80 in. = 20 mm. Hab. Arizona, Cal., Texas, N. Mex.
Black, antennz yellow with scape and tip of each joint black, elytra densely clothed with fulvous pubescence, basal line and humeri black. (PI, III, f. ro.)
T. coquus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. X, p. 393; Lec. J. A. P. ser. 2, II, 1850, p. 10; lyncewm Fab. Syst, Ent. p. 191; Ge Ent, IV, 67, p. 37, t. 14. f. 97- Casteln Hist. Nat. Il. p. 452; Melsheimeri Germ, Ins. Spec. nov. p. 502. Length .60 in. = 15mm. Hab. Atlantic and Southern States, Tex., Col.
Var. fulvipenne Say, Journ. Ac, Phil. III, 1823, p. 414; Lec. Journ. Ac. P. ser. 2, II, p. 10. Length tin. =25 mm. Hab. Ills., Col., N. J., Utah, La., Mo., Tex. Arkansas.
T. coguus is entirely black except a spot of orange on each elytron near the base,
T. fulvipenne is larger and the elytra are entirely clothed with ful- vous hair.
A specimen in the collection of Mr. H. W. Wenzel, has the elytra suffused with black, except where the spots occur in coguus. presenting a form precisely intermediate.
It is now considered a variety of coguus.
T. armatum Lec. J. A. P. V, 1, 1858, p. 25; Lacord. Gen. Col. IX, 1869, p. 174. not. Length iin. =25 mm. Hab. California, Texas.
Color as in annulatfum, but the elytra are smooth and the lateral spine of thorax is even more marked than in the other species of the genus.
PURPURICENUS, Serv.
Thorax coarsely punctured with a small lateral spine. Scutellum
moderate, broadly triangular, acute at tip. Elytra not pubescent. SYNOPSIS OF PURPURICENUS.